Nominal thickness

Wastage will also occur on that part of an eccentric tube that represents the nominal thickness of the tube. 

The results of corrosion surveys are received by the Surveyor in an agreed format using Forms TMl - TM8, preferably with the LR software freely issued to the approved firms. The report will highlight any areas where corrosion has gone beyond the permitted maximum diminution, which may be as low as 15% of the nominal thickness for a single item, and will also identify areas of "substantial corrosion T.e., any in excess of 75% of the permitted maximum. Corrosion in excess of that permitted means that the item has to be replaced. Any areas of corrosion deemed to be "substantial" are recorded for annual inspection. The Surveyor will review the completed report for verification and confirmation of the completeness of the thickness survey. 

Type designation Nominal Thickness Wear Ball impact MD CD Boiling water Radiant heat... 

The least compHcated clay minerals are the 1 1 clay minerals composed of one tetrahedral (T) layer and one octahedral (O) layer (see Fig. 1). These 1 1 clay minerals are also referred to as TO minerals. The TO package has a basal spacing (nominal thickness) of 0.7 nm (7 E) and they are commonly referred to as 7 E minerals. Kaolinite, the dioctahedral 1 1 mineral, has filling two of three octahedral sites, and serpentine [12168-92-2J, (Mg)3Si205(0H)4, the trioctahedral 1 1 mineral has filling all three octahedral sites. The kaolin minerals have limited substitution in the octahedral... 

Clay minerals that are composed of two tetrahedral layers and one octahedral layer are referred to as 2 1 clay minerals or TOT minerals. The apical oxygens of the two tetrahedral sheets project into the octahedral sheet. The 2 1 stmcture has a basal spacing (nominal thickness) of 1.0 nm (10 E). Pyrophjlhte [12269-78-2] Al2Si40 Q(0H)2, is the dioctahedral mineral, ie, AF" in the octahedral sites, and talc [14807-96-6], Mg3Si402Q(0H)2, is the trioctahedral, ie, in the octahedral sites. Both these minerals are essentially free of substitution in the octahedral site and therefore do not have a net... 

Nominal thicknesses and outside diameters of pipe and fittings shall be used in flexibihty calculations. 

Cross-sectional Equivalent diameter Nominal thickness Nominal overall Maximum resistance Current rating d.c. or... 

Circumferential joints for attachment of heads not over 24-in. outside diameter to shells not over 14 in. thick. Circumferential joints for the attachment to shells of jackets not over in. in nominal thickness where the distance from the center of the plug weld to the edge of the plate is not less than 1 A times the diamter of the hole for the plug. 

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) the maximum pressure pounds per square inch gauge permissible at the top of a completed vessel in its operating position for a specific designated temperature corresponding to the MAWP pressure. This pressure is calculated in accordance with the ASME code (Par. UG-98) [1] for all parts or elements of the vessel using closest next larger to calculated value nominal thickness (closest standard for steel... 

Generally, for design purposes, wth this type of tolerance, nominal thickness = 0.50 in. can be used for calculations. 

Tinplate can be purchased in a wide range of tempers and thicknesses. Currently 17 different basis weights are available commercially, from 55 /BB (pounds per base box or 217.78 ft2) to 135 /BB. These weights range in nominal thickness from 6.1 to 14.9 mils. 

From the TEM micrographs, particle sizes and the number of particles per unit area could be estimated. Figure 16.6 provides a quantitative analysis of the particle sizes as a function of deposition time. It is evident from the particle size distributions that at low nominal Au thickness (0.13 nm), mean particle diameters are about 1.4 nm and fall in a narrow range of sizes. As the nominal thickness becomes higher, the particle... 

Figure 16.6 TEM micrographs of titania-supported Au particles. The nominal thickness of An was (a) 0.13 nm (h) 0.78nm (c) 1.56nm (d) 2.33 nm. The Au deposition rate was 2.6 X 10 nms. Particle size distributions of Au for various deposition times are shown in the plot, with the distrihutions fitted to a normal Gaussian function.

Figures 21(a) and 21(b) show the SEM micrographs of the freeze-fractured cross-section of the film used in the construction of the bag. There are two distinct layers and possibly a third very much thinner tie layer. The outside layer is a layer of nominal thickness 13 pm. The inside layer is much thicker and is approximately 70 pm thick. At the interface between the outer and inner layers the apparent very thin tie layer is about 1 pm thick. This is too thin to be identified by FUR microscopy on a cross-section of the sample, since the technique is diffraction-limited, which means that layers of about 10 pm thickness or greater can only be readily identified [1]. The tie layer thickness is also probably too thin for fingerprinting by Raman microspectroscopy on a cross-section the lateral spatial resolution of Raman microspectroscopy is about 1-2 pm.

Sintered alloy films of reasonable thickness, e.g., opaque, mirrorlike films, can provide an adequate number of diffraction peaks for the determination of a lattice constant of adequate accuracy for present purposes. Thus, the apparent lattice constants calculated from the centroids of individual diffraction peaks, observed with a counter-diffractometer, may be extrapolated to 0 = 90°, using the Nelson-Riley function to give a value of a0. There has been some discussion about differences in lattice constants for thin films compared with bulk metals values of ao for pure silver films ( 1000 A nominal thickness) were found (74) to be consistently small compared with bulk silver but only by 0.05%. For alloy films a similar deviation would correspond to a variation of 1% in the composition of the alloy. Larger deviations have been reported for very thin films, e.g., —0.2% in copper films of 100 A nominal thickness (75).]... 

As mentioned before, the stripe pattern deteriorates slowly with increasing number of Cu layers, but it remains visible for a long time. Eventually Cu clusters emerge with normal fee structure. In Fig. 24 an STM image of Au(100) is shown, the surface of which is covered by a nominally thick Cu overlayer. On top of the wavy Cu phase, clusters with regular bulk structure have been formed. A similar situation is depicted in Fig. 25 for Cu on Ag(100), where a large Cu crystallite with a flat... 

Nominal Thickness, T [Note (5)] Design Minimum Temperature ... 

Weld metal buildup shall be allowed when restoring the specified nominal thickness of pipe components or attachments. Weld metal buildup shall not be allowed to increase thickness or to alter alignment. Completed weld metal buildup shall be examined by a volumetric method. All weld buildup shall be as permitted by the engineering design. 

For preheat and PWHT, the term nominal thickness is the thickness of the weld as defined below. 

Base Metal P-No. or S-No. [Note (1)] Base Metal Group Nominal Thickness [Note (2)] Specified Min. Tensile Strength, Base Metal Min. Preheat Temperature Required [Note (3)] ... 

Some of the standards for components in Table IP-8.1 (e.g., ASME B16.9 and ASME B16.ll) state that pressure-temperature ratings are based on straight seamless pipe. Except as limited in the standard or elsewhere in this Code, such a component, made of a material having the same allowable stress as the pipe, shall be rated using not more than 87.5% of the nominal thickness of seamless pipe corresponding to the schedule, weight, or pressure class of the fitting, less all allowances applied to the pipe (e.g., thread depth and/or corrosion allowance). 

T) = minimum thickness of reinforcing ring or saddle made from pipe (use nominal thickness if made from plate)... 

H = nominal wall thickness of header M = actual (by measurement) or nominal thickness of added reinforcement t = required nominal wall thickness of the header (under the appropriate section of the Code) tb = required nominal wall thickness of the branch (under the appropriate section of the Code)... 

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