Non-destructive inspection

The publication of interstate Standard GOST 30415-96" Steel. Non-destructive inspection of mechanical properties and microstructure of metal products by magnetic method" - is the long-expected event for works laboratories and development engineers of non-destructive test means. 

The Supplement B (reference) contains a description of the process to render an automatic construction of mathematical models with the application of electronic computer. The research work of the Institute of the applied mathematics of The Academy of Sciences ( Ukraine) was assumed as a basis for the Supplement. The prepared mathematical model provides the possibility to spare strength and to save money, usually spent for the development of the mathematical models of each separate enterprise. The model provides the possibility to execute the works standard forms and records for the non-destructive inspection in complete correspondence with the requirements of the Standard. 

Increasing mechanisation and automatisation of non-destructive inspection procedures lead to an increasing amount of data that is acquired in a short amount of time. This in turn creates a need for reliable automatic or automated data interpretation techniques. 

Therefore, the establishment of the Non-Destructive Inspection technique to understand the presence of the defect on the bonding interface by the ultrasonic wave etc. accurately is demanded. And, the reliability of the product improves further by feeding back accurate ultrasonic wave information obtained here to the manufacturing process. 

J. Rusborg, Non-Destructive inspection of wind turbine rotor blades, part I (In Danish) FORCE Institute 1995, ISBN 87-7784-049-6... 

It has developed a real time method to compare successive non-destructive inspections of the steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Each tube provides a safety barrier between the primary and secondary coolant circuits. Each steam generator contains several thousands of tubes whose structural integrity must be ensured through the lifetime of the plant, Therefore, Laborelec performs extensive nondestructive tests after each plant outage. 

Silk, M. G., Can Non-Destructive Inspection Be Reliable y4/om, 377, 4-7, March (1988) Allinson, M., Flash Radiography , (E2/2 Unit Committee), UK Corrosion 87, (1987) Saunderson, D. H., The MFE Floor Scanner-A Case History , Colloq. The Economics of Non-Destructive Evaluation , Inst, of Elect. Engrs., January (1988)... 

AS of this writing, 100% inspection by NAA of small arms primers in an actual production loading plant has not been implemented, nor is it contemplated in the near future. Technical problems exist related to coupling the present state-of-the-art nuclear components with the high production rates for the primers, namely, tens of units per sec per automatic loading line. The high intensity of the neutron source and the complexity of the detection system required detracts from the utility of the method in a plant environment where simplicity and safety of operation are of paramount importance. Nevertheless, the technical feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by the AMMRC study and future developments in nuclear activation hardware may ultimately make this non-destructive inspection for production primers more viable... 

The introduction of tight personal security procedures and visual or X-ray inspection of carry-on luggage at all domestic and international airports in 1972, resulted in almost complete elimination of skyjacking incidents in the USA. This situation has most likely interrupted or delayed the further development of automatic non-destructive inspection methods for expls in baggage at airline terminals... 

L. Grodzins, Photons in - photons out non-destructive inspection of containers using x-ray and gamma ray techniques, in Proc. First Int. Symp. on Explosive Detection Technology, 13—15 November 1991, Atlantic City, NJ, DOT/FAA/CT-92/11 (1992) 201-231. 

B. R. A. Wood and co-workers, Progress in Acoustic Emissions L, The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, Tokyo, 1990, pp. 285—292. 

T.J. Fowler, Progress in Acoustic Emission, Proceedings of 9th International, Acoustic Emission Symposium, The Japanese Society of Non-Destructive Inspection, 1988, pp. 391 104. 

Galiotis, C., Laser Raman spectroscopy, a new stress/strain measurement technique for the remote and on-line non-destructive inspection of fiber reinforce polymer composites. Mater. TechnoL, 8, 203, 1993. 

For detection of more localized corrosion, such as crevice corrosion or SCC, other ultrasonic inspection techniques may be useful. Baseline data generated at the time of installation will also be helpful in evaluating results. One benefit derived from this type of inspection technique is that it can often be conducted with little or no interference with production. Periodic planned visual inspection of equipment utilized under conditions likely to cause stress cracking is also an effective technique, especially when combined with non-destructive inspection techniques such as dye penetrant inspection. It may be necessary to remove coatings or insulation from the equipment surface to facilitate inspection. 

NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION (NDi - A procedure such as ultrasonic or radiographic inspection, for determining the quality of a material without permanently altering anything. 

Dingwall, P. F., and Mead, D. L. (1976), Non-destructive inspection and volume fraction determination of CFRP using an eddy current method, June 1976, Dept, of Defence, Report RAE-TR-76078. 

Diamanti K, Soutis C, Hodgkinson JM. Lamb waves for the non-destructive inspection of monolithic and sandwich composite beams. Compos A 2005 36(2) 189—95. 

After three years preparation, the TV inspection of the primary circuits internals has been successfully issued in April 2001. The Novatome division of Framatome-ANP, completed the extensive non-destructive inspection program requested by the Phenix plant with an inspection of the primary circuit internals. Included in its service package were the setting up of the TV inspection — which required the partial draining of the primary-side sodium — the supervision of the supply of various materials needed to be developed and qualified, and the actual carrying out of die inspection. Justification studies for the inspection were carried out at the same time focusing on the thermalhydraulic, safety and radiation protection aspects affected by the lowering of the sodium level in the primary vessel. 

The pnnaide of the novd ultrasonic spectro%opy utilizing a wide-band polymeric transducer and the FFT (fast Fourier transformation) analysis of a single pulse is introduced and its application to various polymraic matenals is reviewed Ultrasonic analysis of mechanical rdaxation processes and phase transitioiis m solid polymers as wdl as practical non-destructive inspection of defects m composite materials are described... 

Tests, non-destructive— Inspection tests for the evaluation of bond quaUty without damaging the assembly, e.g., ultrasonics, visual inspection. 

The non destructive inspection methods appropriate for detecting defects in bonded joints are briefly summarized below from (references 5.21 and 5.44). 

S. Beland, B. Shaver, C. Chapman, and S. Desjardins, Non destructive inspection and mechanical testing of composite arm booms for the space station remote manipulator system. In Proc. 10th International Conference on Composite Materials, A. Poursartip and K. Street, eds., Woodhead Publ. Ltd., Abington-Cambridge, UK, Vol. 111,661-668(1995). 

Degoeje MP, Wapenaar KED, Non-destructive inspection of carbon fiber reinforced plastics using eddy current methods. Composites, 23(3), 147-157, 1992. 

Ultrasonic C-scan n. A non-destructive inspection technique for reinforced plastics in which the energy absorbed from a short ultrasonic pulse is measured. This is quantitatively different for sample containing delaminations, voids, or too little or too much reinforcement, than for solid samples of the correct composition. 

The extent of the final inspection and release policy depends on the type of preparation. Thus, for extemporaneous preparations an independent control of the preparation record and a few non-destructive inspections of the product will suffice. If no abnormalities are observed, an authorised pharmacist can perform the product release. In some countries a delegated person may release the extemporaneous product conditionally afterwards, within a defined time frame, the authorised pharmacist releases the product formally. 

ISSUE TITLE Adequacy of non-destructive inspections and testing (SM 1) (WWER)... 

A schematic diagram summarizing failures that led to the gasoline pipeline rupture and fire in Whatcom Faiis Park. This accident was due to a combination of pipeline damage (caused by poorly supervised excavation work around the pipeline several years earlier), inadequate non-destructive inspections of the pipeline, a wrongly specified pressure relief valve, inadequate investigation of valve control problems, and uncontrolled software upgrades ( SCADA" was the computer-based control system). 

Hong, T. et al. (2007) Review of hyperspectral image technology for non-destructive inspection of fruit quality. Nongye Gongcheng Xuehao (Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng.), 23 (11), 280-285. 

Shen, Y. and Taday, P.F. (2008) Development and application of terahertz pulsed imaging for non-destructive inspection of pharmaceutical tablets. IEEE... 

Mendoza, E. A., Khalil, A. N., Sun, Z., et al., Embeddable Distributed Moisture and pH Sensors for Non-Destructive Inspection of Aircraft Lap Joints, in Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1995, 2455 102-112. 

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