Proper Maintenance

Proper maintenance includes a complete examination, and involves disassembly and inspection of each part and replacanent where necessary. Conduct maintenance at least annually or more often if conditions warrant. Perform hydrostatic testing of portable fire extinguishers to protect against unexpected in-service failure. Failure can occur due to internal corrosion, external corrosion, and damage from abuse. Perform hydrostatic testing using trained personnel with proper equipment and facilities. OSHA Standard, 29 CFR 1910.157, Table 1 provides test intervals for extinguishers. 

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The OSHA limits, regulations, and recommendations apply to in-plant air quaUty. Improperly filtered exhaust air may cause a plant to be in violation of the EPA standard, therefore these data should not be confused with the EPA limit for airborne lead, 1.5 fig lead/m, measured over a calendar quarter, which pertains to the exterior plant environment and emissions. The installation and proper maintenance of exhaust filtration systems enables most plants to comply with the EPA limits for airborne lead (see Lead compounds, industrial toxicology). 

A PPM program is needed to avoid equipment failures, utiHty outages, and production intermptions. From a cost savings angle it is extremely important to do preventive maintenance in order to avoid breakdowns. Periodic inspections and a good lubrication program uncover conditions that could lead to breakdowns. When problems are found eady, they can be taken care of without work intermption and costly repairs. Sometimes faciHty managers are so afraid of downtime that preventive maintenance is done too often. In other cases production does not allow adequate time to provide proper maintenance. 

Following ultrafiltration of whey, the permeate passes over a reverse osmosis (qv) membrane to separate the lactose from other components of the permeate. Reverse osmosis can be used to remove water and concentrate soHds in a dairy plant, giving a product with 18% soHds and thus decreasing the difficulty of waste disposal. Concentration of rinse water gives a product with 4—5% total soHds. Proper maintenance of the membrane allows for use up to two years. Membranes are available for use up to 100°C with pH ranges from 1 to 14 the usual temperature range is 0—50°C. 

Whereas issues of technician productivity, sample status, and scheduling of analyses are economically important, these take second place to the issue of measurement quaUty in the laboratory. LIMS software enables activities such as cahbration and proper maintenance to be scheduled automatically. By recording the results of these activities in the LIMS, the data to demonstrate proper performance are readily made available. Additionally, the schedule can be adjusted to reflect the actual needs of the individual instmments. 

The freezing point of the coolant should be monitored for coolants in all types of service. Additionally, maintenance of the corrosion inhibitor levels is requited of the heavy-duty service coolants and the stationary engine coolants. Because corrosion inhibitors and combinations of corrosion inhibitors work most effectively at given concentrations and specific ratios to the other inhibitors, appropriate concentrations must be maintained to maximize corrosion protection. Many manufacturers of coolants for stationary engines, and manufacturers of SCAs, provide an analytical service to monitor the effective inhibitor concentrations in the system periodically. Recommendations can then be made for proper maintenance and inhibitor replenishment. 

Design considerations and costs of the catalyst, hardware, and a fume control system are direcdy proportional to the oven exhaust volume. The size of the catalyst bed often ranges from 1.0 m at 0°C and 101 kPa per 1000 m /min of exhaust, to 2 m for 1000 m /min of exhaust. Catalyst performance at a number of can plant installations has been enhanced by proper maintenance. Annual analytical measurements show reduction of solvent hydrocarbons to be in excess of 90% for 3—6 years, the equivalent of 12,000 to 30,000 operating hours. When propane was the only available fuel, the catalyst cost was recovered by fuel savings (vs thermal incineration prior to the catalyst retrofit) in two to three months. In numerous cases the fuel savings paid for the catalyst in 6 to 12 months. 

Electrical precipitators are probably the most versatile of all types of dust collectors. Veiy high collection efficiencies can be obtained regardless of the fineness of the dust, provided that the precipitators are given proper maintenance. The chief disadvantages are the high initial cost and, in some cases, high maintenance costs. Furthermore, caution must be exercised with dusts that are combustible in the carrier gas. 

Most often, the bearing or the lubricant is blamed for the failure. This is like blaming the fuse for an electrical failure. The failure is most likely a result of some abnormal operating condition, or lack of proper maintenance. In short, something causes the bearing to fail prematurely. 

Easy maintenance access must be provided. Removable roof panels for access to furnace subassemblies are desirable. Water-cooled equipment, electrode, and roof movement mechanisms, etc. all require overhead access for proper maintenance. 

In this mixing process, contaminants such as solvent and/or diluents as well as their removal problems can be avoided. Degradation of the polymers is avoided by proper maintenance of the viscosity and shearing rates. 

Couplings require regular lubrication and maintenance to ensure optimum trouble-free service life. When proper maintenance is not conducted, premature coupling failure and/or damage to machine-train components such as bearings can be expected. 

Oxygen pitting of boiler tubes by boiler feed water due to inadequate de-aeration is also a problem, but controllable by proper maintenance of de-aerators, coupled with regular boiler feed water analysis, or, preferably, continuous dissolved-oxygen monitoring. 

Determination of the hazard potential and designing to eliminate the hazard is one element of the solution. The use of carefully designed accelerated and continuous prototype testing is another element. The instruction in use and proper maintenance procedure is the third element. By exercising judgment as to the appropriate combination of these elements consistent with the economic factors involved, the designer can have a product that will perform for its projected design life with... 

In hospitals today a wide variety of complex equipment is used in the course of patient treatment. Humidifiers, incubators, ventilators, resuscitators and other apparatus require proper maintenance and decontamination after use. Chemical disinfectants used for this purpose have in the past through misuse become contaminated with opportunist pathogens, such as Ps. aeruginosa, and ironically have contributed to, rather than reduced, the spread of cross-infection in hospital patients. Disinfectants should only be used for their intended purpose and directions for use must be followed at all times. 

For patients in remission, assure that proper maintenance doses of medications are used and educate the patient to seek medical attention if symptoms recur or worsen. 

Possible dangerous increase in NH3 concentration measure and log pressure differential Impurities, possible poisoning of catalyst proper maintenance... 

Following manufacturer recommendations regarding proper maintenance, including inspections, record keeping, periodic maintenance, and corrosion protection. 

There are countless situations where the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance or system is of critical importance. Agricultural conditions, water quality, food preservation, lung and kidney function—all are circumstances in which quantitative measures of acidity or basicity enable proper maintenance and regulation of vital processes. The term pH is widely used as an expression of acid/base content, but what is the origin of such nomenclature ... 

In contrast to a mixture of redox couples that rapidly reach thermodynamic equilibrium because of fast reaction kinetics, e.g., a mixture of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Ce3+/ Ce4+, due to the slow kinetics of the electroless reaction, the two (sometimes more) couples in a standard electroless solution are not in equilibrium. Nonequilibrium systems of the latter kind were known in the past as polyelectrode systems [18, 19]. Electroless solutions are by their nature thermodyamically prone to reaction between the metal ions and reductant, which is facilitated by a heterogeneous catalyst. In properly formulated electroless solutions, metal ions are complexed, a buffer maintains solution pH, and solution stabilizers, which are normally catalytic poisons, are often employed. The latter adsorb on extraneous catalytically active sites, whether particles in solution, or sites on mechanical components of the deposition system/ container, to inhibit deposition reactions. With proper maintenance, electroless solutions may operate for periods of months at elevated temperatures, and exhibit minimal extraneous metal deposition. 

Are the proper maintenance materials (parts, etc.) available Yes. They include spare pigtails for the supply cylinders as well as properly rated rupture discs. Other items must be ordered. 

Gas turbines operate on natural gas, synthetic gas, landfill gas, and fuel oils. Plants are often designed to operate on gaseous fuel with a stored liquid fuel for backup, so as to obtain the less-expensive interruptible rate for natural gas. Dual fuel combustion capability is a purchase option on many gas turbines. The turbine is ideally suited as an integral component in the IGCC train. Further, modern gas turbines have proven to be reliable power generators, given proper maintenance. Time to overhaul is typically 25,000 to 50,000... 

The proper maintenance of roads can improve mileage 5% but funds are often spent elsewhere. Combustion engines operate best at about 45-MPH but traffic patterns are generally too slow in cities or too fast in the country. 

Organization and personnel describe that in the dispensing of all prescriptions, the pharmacist has the responsibility and authority to inspect and approve or reject all components, drug product containers, closures, in-process materials, and labeling. It also has the authority to prepare and review all compounding records to assure that no errors have occurred in the compounding process. The pharmacist is also responsible for fhe proper maintenance, cleanliness, and use of all equipmenf used in prescription compmmding practice. 

Fixed discharge outlets equipped with frangible seals should be provided with suitable inspection means to permit proper maintenance and for inspection and replacement of vapor seals. 

Microbial sensors usually possess long lifetimes, yet proper maintenance is mandatory. Thus, the overall activity of immobilized microorganisms should be kept as constant as possible. For this purpose, sensors should be stored in phosphate buffer containing no nutrients at 4°C in order to avoid microorganism growth in the membrane. If the sensor activity diminishes for some reason, then the sensor should be dipped into a nutrient medium... 

Vitamin A, or retinol, is essential for the proper maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of epithelial cells, and it plays a major role in epithelial dif-... 

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