Human T-cell

Retroviruses Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) Human T-lymphocytic tumors... 

Many enveloped viruses share a common mechanism of fusion, mediated by a virus-encoded glycoprotein that contains heptad repeats in its extraceUnlar domain. Dnring the fnsion process, these domains rearrange to form highly structured and thermodynamically stable coiled-coils. Viruses encoding fusion proteins that have these domains inclnde members of the paramyxovirus family (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and measles virus), ebola virus, influenza, and members of the retroviridae (e.g., human T cell lenkemia virus type-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type-1, HlV-1). Peptide inhibitors of fusion that disrupt the... 

Qin XF, An DS, Chen ISY, Baltimore D (2003) Inhibiting HlV-1 infection in human T cells by lentiviral-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA against CCR5, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 183-188... 

Yamada O, Yu M, Yee JK, Kraus G, Looney D, Wong-Staal F (1994) Intracellular immunization of human T cells with a hairpin ribozyme against human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Gene Ther 1 38 5... 

Restivo VA Jr, Lombard LA. Gray GS. Nadler LM Cloning of B7-2 a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that 79 costimulates human T cell proliferation. Science 1993 262 909-911. 

Cornblath DR, Hoke A (2006) Recent advances in HIV neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 19(5) 446-450 Cornblath DR, McArthur JC (1988) Predominantly sensory neuropathy in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Neurology 38(5) 794-796 Cornblath DR, McArthur JC et al (1987) Inflammatory demyeUnating peripheral neuropathies associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection. Ann Neurol 21(l) 32-40 Corral I, Quereda C et al (1997) Acute poly radiculopathies in HIV-infected patients. J Neurol 244(8) 499-504... 

Retroviruses Human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1) Spherical enveloped virus lOOnm in diameter, icosahedral cores contain two copies of linear RNA molecules and reverse transcriptase HTI.V is spread inside infected lymphocytes in blood, semen or breast milk. Most infections remain asymptomatic but after an incubation period of 10-40 years in about 2% of cases, adult T-cell leukaemia can result... 

The list of vimses involved in other human cancers includes hepatitis B, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma human papilloma viruses with cervical, penile and some anal carcinomas human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome and HIV with Kaposi s sarcoma. 

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV lymphadenopathy-associated virus, LAV human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 3, HTLV III) is responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS see Chapter 3). Because of the hazard and difficulties of growing the virus outside humans, a different approach has to be examined for determining viral sensitivity to disinfectants. 

ATLURU s, ATLURU D (1991) Evidence that genistein, a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits CD28 monoclonal antibody stimulated human T-cell proliferation. Transplantation. 51 448-50. 

Shenker BJ, Guo TL, Shapiro IM. 1998. Low-level methylmercury exposure causes human T-cells to undergo apoptosis evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Environ Res 77 149-159. 

HTdR Tritiated thymidine 5-HT 5-Hydroxyttyptamine also known as Serotonin HTLV-1 Human T-cell leukaemia virus-1... 

Smit MJ, Verdijk P, van der Raaij-Helmer EM, et al. CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis of human T cells is regulated by a Gi- and phospholipase C-dependent pathway and not via activation of MEK/p44/p42 MAPK nor Akt/PI-3 kinase. Blood 2003 102(6) 1959-1965. 

Hernandez-Lopez C, Varas A, Sacedon R, et al. Stromal cell-derived factor 1/ CXCR4 signaling is critical for early human T-cell development. Blood... 

Shashkin P, Simpson D, Mishin V, Chesnutt B, Ley K. Expression of CXCL16 in human T cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2003 23(1) MS-MO. 

Adult T-cell leukemia Human T-cell Retrovirus RNA... 

Del Prete, G., De, C.M., Mastromauro, C., Biagiotti, R., Macchia, D., Falagiani, P., Ricci, M. and Romagnani, S. (1991) Purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and excretory-secretory antigen(s) of Toxocara cams expand human T cells with stable and opposite (type 1 T helper or type 2 T helper) profile of cytokine production. Journal of Clinical Investigation 88, 346-350. 

K. E. Pace, C. Lee, P. L. Stewart, and L. G. Baum, Restricted receptor segregation into membrane microdomains occurs on human T cells during apoptosis induced by galectin-1, J. Immunol., 163 (1999) 3801-3811. 

Kalyanaraman, D. Mann, G. D. Sidhu, R. E. Stahl, S. Zolla-Prazner, J. Leibowitch, and M. Popovic, Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Science 220 865 (1983). 

To determine if the high in vitro potents of the anti-HIV compound 30 translates into antiviral efficiency in vivo, Datema et al. investigated the inhibition of HIV-1 production and of depletion of human T cells in HIV-1-infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice [37]. Steady levels of 100 ng of 30 or higher per mL in plasma resulted in significant inhibition of HIV p24 protein formation. Daily injection of 30 caused a dose-dependent decrease in viral p24 production, and this inhibition could be potentiated by coadministration of AZT (or DDI). This study suggested that 30 alone or in combination with the licensed anti-HIV agents AZT and DDI may decrease the virus load in HIV-infected patients and, by extension, that the infectious cell entry step is a valid target for antiviral chemotherapy of HIV disease. 

Ellenhom, J.D.I. et al., Activation of human T cells in vivo following treatment of transplant recipients with OKT3, Transplantation, 50, 608, 1990. 

Alteration of membrane structure in immune cells by PUFAs can lead to defective signal transduction and decreased function. PUFA treatment of CD3-activated human T cells results in decreased calcium mobilization, proliferation and IL-2 production... 

Haynes, B.F., et al. Early events in human T cell ontogeny. Phenotypic characterization and immunohistologic localization of T cell precursors in early human fetal tissues, J. Exp. M.d., 168, 1061, 1988. 

Haynes, B.F. and Heinly, C.S. Early human T cell development analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment, J. Exp. Med., 181, 1445, 1995. 

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