Respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Respiratory syncytial vims (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants. It is the major cause of hospitalization in the United States (- 90,000 events/yr) and it has a high mortaUty rate in neonates and other high risk populations, such as the geriatric population (51). Development of an RSV vaccine has always been a major priority, however, earlier attempts have mostiy failed (70). 

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis RSV, respiratory syncytial virus SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. 

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a severe lower respiratory tract infection... 

Rh (D) immune globulin micro-dose (Rh [D] IG) r-h-d-em-une -glob -u-lin Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin IV (human)... 

Many enveloped viruses share a common mechanism of fusion, mediated by a virus-encoded glycoprotein that contains heptad repeats in its extraceUnlar domain. Dnring the fnsion process, these domains rearrange to form highly structured and thermodynamically stable coiled-coils. Viruses encoding fusion proteins that have these domains inclnde members of the paramyxovirus family (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and measles virus), ebola virus, influenza, and members of the retroviridae (e.g., human T cell lenkemia virus type-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type-1, HlV-1). Peptide inhibitors of fusion that disrupt the... 

Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common medical conditions in the United States, affecting about 1 billion people annually.1 It is caused mainly by respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus but also can be due to allergies or environmental irritants. Only 0.5% to 2% of... 

John AE, Gerard CJ, Schaller M, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced exaggeration of allergic airway disease is dependent upon CCRI-associated immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2005 35(1) 108-116. 

John AE, Berlin AA, Lukacs NW. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced CCL5/ RANTES contributes to exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2003 33(6) 1677-1685. 

Miller AL, Stricter RM, Gruber AD, Ho SB, Lukacs NW. CXCR2 regulates respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and mucus overproduction. J Immunol 2003 170(6) 3348-3356. 

In 2001, researchers at Wyeth-Ayerst described the preparation of RFI-641, a potent and selective inhibitor of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [251], The final key step in the synthesis involved the coupling of a diaminobiphenyl with two equivalents of a chlorotriazine derivative under microwave irradiation (Scheme 6.123). The reaction was carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide/phosphate buffer/sodium hydroxide in an open vessel at 105 °C. This protocol provided RFI-641 in 10% isolated yield. 

Scheme 6.123 Synthesis of the respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor RFI-641.

CP coat protein CtxB cholera toxin B subunit scFv single chain Fv antibody fragment TMOF trypsin modulating oostatic factor MAB monoclonal antibody GFP green fluorescent protein CPV Canine parvovirus BHV Bovine herpes virus FMDV Foot and mouth disease virus HCV Hepatitis C virus HRV Human rhino Virus MEV Mink enteritis virus MHV Murine hepatitis virus MV Measles virus RSV Respiratory syncytial virus... 

The sera of mice fed with fresh spinach leaves infected with AlMV particles presenting a rabies virus epitope contained IgG and IgA. Mucosal IgA was also detected [48]. Human volunteers (in FDA approved trials) fed with spinach containing recombinant particles generated both IgG and IgA responses specific to the pathogen [49]. The trials also suggested that plant virus particle-based vaccines could be effectively used in prime-boost regimens. In more recent work, recombinant AlMV particles containing an epitope from the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced protective immunity in mice [33]. 

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G and F proteins Alfalfa mosaic virus in tobacco leaf High levels of serum antibodies specific for RSV-G. Immunogenic in mice when delivered parenterally. Protective against challenge with RSV Long strain. 30... 

Respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein Tomato fruit Mice developed serum and mucosal RSV-F- -specific antibodies. Immunogenic in mice when delivered orally. 31... 

The answer is e. (Katzung, p 842.) Ribavirin most likely interferes with guanosine triphosphate synthesis, resulting in inhibition of capping of viral messenger RNA and viral RN A-dependent RNA polymerase. It is effective in moderating infections with respiratory syncytial virus. 

Prophylaxis of lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in paediatric patients... 

Respiratory viruses are by far the most common infectious agents associated with acute bronchitis. The common cold viruses, rhinovirus and coronavirus, and lower respiratory tract pathogens, including influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, account for the majority of cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae also appears to be a frequent cause of acute bronchitis. Other bacterial causes include Chlamydia pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis. 

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, accounting for up to 70% of all cases. Parainfluenza viruses are the second most common cause. Bacteria serve as secondary pathogens in only a small minority of cases. 

Ribavirin may be considered for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus in a subset of patients (those with underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease or with severe acute infection). Use of the drug requires special equipment (small-particle aerosol generator) and specifically trained personnel for administration via oxygen hood or mist tent. 

In the pediatric age group, most pneumonias are due to viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, and adenovirus. Pneumococcus is the most common bacterial cause, followed by Group A Streptococcus and S. aureus. 

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