Intracellular immunization

Baltimore D (1971) Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriol Rev 35 235-241 Baltimore D (1988) Gene therapy. Intracellular immunization. Nature 335 395-396 Bauer DJ (1985) A history of the discovery and clinical application of antiviral drugs. Br Med Bull... 

A different antiviral approach uses intracellular expression of unmodified antisense molecules corresponding to viral sequences. Such an intracellular immunization approach may require a gene therapy protocol to deliver the antiviral transgene. In a phase I chnical trial, Levine et at. used intraceUularly expressed... 

There are three principal gene therapeutic approaches for viral diseases. First, several genes that inhibit virus replication have been developed. This approach has been termed intracellular immunization (Baltimore 1988). Second, genetic approaches... 

For intracellular immunization strategies of hepatitis B and C, lentiviral vectors have been tested (Matskevich et al. 2003 Parouchev et al. 2006). However, as the turnover of hepatocytes is thought to be much slower than that of HPC or T cells, nonintegrating vectors that carry a reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis are favored (Nowak et al. 1996). 

Yamada O, Yu M, Yee JK, Kraus G, Looney D, Wong-Staal F (1994) Intracellular immunization of human T cells with a hairpin ribozyme against human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Gene Ther 1 38 5... 

Steinberger P, Andris-Widhopf J, Buhler B, Torbett BE, Barbas CF III. Functional deletion of the CCR5 receptor by intracellular immunization produces cells that are refractory to CCR5-dependent HIV-1 infection and cell fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000 97(2) 805-810. 

Biocca S, Cattaneo A, Intracellular immunization antibody targeting to subcellular compartments, Trends. Cell. Biol., 5 248-252, 1995. 

Goncalves J, Silva F, Freitas-Vieira A, et al. (2002). Functional neutralization of HIV-1 Vif protein by intracellular immunization inhibits reverse transcription and viral replication./. Biol. Chem. 277 32036-32045. 

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