Hazard Control Practice

Biosafety in Micmbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition, provides guidance for implementing safety and hazard control practices in research laboratories. 

Hazard controls include engineering and administrative controls and PPE. Hazard characterization is a tool that is used to develop hazard controls and safe work practices and procedures and to make sure that the appropriate PPE is selected for each job. 

Safe work practices for hazards control lockout/tagout, confined space entry, procedures for opening process boundaries and entrance control for maintenance... 

Hazards analysis techniques fall in two broad categories. Some techniques focus on hazards control by assuring that the design is in compliance with a pre-existing standard practice. These techniques result from prior hazards analysis, industry standards and recommended practices, results of incident and accident evaluations or similar facilities. Other techniques are predictive in that they can be applied to new situations where such pre-existing standard practices do not exist. 

The most common hazards control technique is a checklist. The checklist is prepared by experienced personnel who are familiar with the design, construction and operation of similar facilities. Checklists are relatively easy to use and provide a guide to the evaluator of items to be considered in evaluating hazards. API RP 14J has examples of two checklists which can be used to evaluate facilities of different complexity. Because production facilities are very similar and have been the subject of many hazard analyses, a checklist analysis to assure compliance with standard practice is recommended for most production facilities. The actual procedure by which the checklist is considered and the manner in which the evaluation is documented to assure compliance varies from case-to-case. 

For a Class I or Class II area, a Division 1 location is likely to contain the hazardous condition during normal operations or frequently because of maintenance and repair. A Division 2 location is likely to contain the hazardous condition only under abnormal circumstances, such as process upset or equipment failure. These two divisions, which are based on the likelihood of an atmosphere being hazardous, control or prescribe the design, construction, and operating features of equipment in that area. Engineering practice tolerates lower levels of protection where there is less likelihood of a hazardous material being present. Thus, Division 1 locations require equipment built to higher standards than equipment built for Division 2 locations. 

Frank Lees [17] has cataloged and presented a number of checklists in Hazard Identification and Safety Audit. Lees states One of the most useful tools of hazard identification is the checklist. Like a standard or code of practice, a checklist is a means of passing on hard-won experience. It is impossible to envisage high standards in hazard control unless this experience is effectively utilized. The checklist is one of the main tools available to assist in this. 

Actions shifting hazardous waste from one environmental medium to another. Many of the waste management, treatment and control practices used to date have simply collected pollutants and moved them from one environmental medium to another, as follows (a) collection of pollutants from air and water via pollution control devices, which are then legally disposed of in land disposal sites, and (b) transfer of volatile pollutants from surface impoundments, landfills, water treatment units, groundwater air stripping operations, to the air through evaporation. 

The main objective of health-hazard control is to limit the chemical dosage of a chemical by minimizing or preventing exposure. It is not practical to measure or control the chemical dosage directly rather, exposure is measured and limits are set for the control of such exposure. 

This book is for facilities that produce hazardous substances, store them, or transfer them to and from transportation terminals Contents indude hazard controls lor processes and equipment, secondary containment, aboveground and underground tanks, material transfer, dust control, wastewater emissions, preventative practices, siting and layout, detection and warning systems, and volatile organic emissions... 

Potentially hazardous work practices safe procedures and equipment- common routes of exposure epidemiology, symptoms, and heaitn risks hepatitis B vaccine personal protective equipment OSHA Exposure Control Plan and cleanup, waste handling and labeling. 

Following major industrial accidents such as those in Bhopal, Seveso and Mexico City, the ILO has unrfertaken a series of activities for the prevention of such disasters. In addition to the develr Mnent of major hazard control systems in a number of developing countries, the Office published a manual on major hazard control [31] and a Code of Practice on the prevention of major industrial accidents [32]. A new Convention... 

ILO Major Hazard Control A Practical Manual, Geneva, Switzerland, 1988. 

Hazard Controls—Design features operating limits and administrative or safety practices, processes, or procedures to prevent, control, or mitigate hazards. 

DOE O 440.1A, sec. 4(j)(4). 29CFR1910.120(g)(l) 29CFR1910.134(a) 29CFR1910.1450(i) 4.1.1.3 Hazard controls shall be selected using the following hierarchy (1) Elimination of the hazard through practices such as chemical substitution or process modification (2) Engineering controls (3) Work practices and administrative controls and (4) Personal protective equipment... 

In defining hazardous work practices, there are a number of sources of information that should be examined. Injury and accident reports such as the OSHA 301 Form provide information about the circumstances surrounding an injury. Often employee or management behaviors that contributed to the injury can be identified. Employees are a good source of information about workplace hazards. They can be asked to identify critical behaviors that may be important as hazard sources or hazard controls. First-line supervisors are also a good source of information because they are constantly... 

Note that unlike many other causes of clinical risk, the failure modes in this category do not actnally relate to the patient s clinical data at all. Instead it is the decision support content, rnles, algorithms and associated functionality which trigger the hazard. Controls in this area are not just about assuring the system but also about make sure that the advice provided is of a suitable level of quality. In some cases the decision snpport content and rules might be provided by a third party and checks should be undertaken to ensure that the information is appropriately governed, com-mensnrate with best practice and kept up to date. 

Nine basic construction health and safety topics are identified in the survey, namely legislations/regulations (Tl) safety management (T2) risk identification (T3) safe practices and risk reduction (T4) hazard assessment (T5) hazard control and prevention (T6) mandatory procedures, training, records, and maintenance (T7) compliance, inspection, and penalties (T8) and incorporation of construction-safety-in-design courses (T9). The extent of coverage of these topics is presented in Fig. 11.14. It can be seen that all respondents indicated that topics Tl and T7 represent no more than 20% of the covered constraction health and safety topics, while about 74% of the responses indicated that T2 and T4 represent no more than 20% of the covered topics. However, 13 % of the responses indicated that T2 and... 

Staying current with technological developments, laws, regulations, standards, codes, products, methods, and practices related to hazard controls. 

Hazard Safework Practices and Hazard Control Contigency Plan... 

Fauske, H.K., 1987. Pressure relief and venting some practical considerations related to hazard control. Hazards from Pressure. Symposium Series No. 102. 133-142 (IChemE. Rugby. UK). 

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