Construction safety

Whenever construction work is to be undertaken if consideration is given to some of the hazards faced and the appropriate precautions taken, accidents and damage can be prevented. This applies whether you are a client having the work done or a contractor doing the work. However, once having agreed precautionary measures it is essential that the work is monitored to ensure the precautions are implemented. The contractor should supply all plant and materials needed for the contract. 

X- if used as access, project at least 1 m above platform served unless safe handhold provided 

X- be set no steeper than 75°, i.e. 1 unit out for every 4 units rise Falling objects  

Establishing good communications with site agent and between contractors, through the nomination of individuals to be the points of contact, will enable many of the day-to-day problems to be sorted as the work progresses and ensure it is carried out in a much safer manner. 

X- routes to be taken by workmen and vehicles X- security arrangements X- fire precautions and alarm 

X- contractor to give written statement that equipment is in good order X- if equipment needs driver, either owner provides one or contractor s driver must prove competence (by training certificate) 

X- contractor must sign indemnity accepting responsibihty for any damage caused by or to equipment during period of hire/loan 

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Raw materials efficiency. In choosing the reactor, the overriding consideration is usually raw materials efficiency (bearing in mind materials of construction, safety, etc.). Raw material costs are usually the most important costs in the whole process. Also, any inefficiency in raw materials use is likely to create waste streams that become an environmental problem. The reactor creates inefficiency in the use of raw materials in the following ways ... 

With a properly constructed safety fuse the core is almost impermeable to gases, but should faults occur, either during manufacture or due to mishandling afterwards, cracks may develop which enable the hot gases to... 

As the large scale commercial use of hydrogen fluoride is now well established, particularly in the petroleum industry, the techniques of the use of large size equipment is well known. Reports are available on various aspects of industrial use. A book has been published with particular reference to paraffin alkylation (Phillips Petroleum Company, 13). Corrosion, instrumentation, materials of construction, safety measures, etc., are included. The following journal articles also contain material of interest on large scale technique (Holmberg and Prange, 17, Frey, 18, Fehr, 19). There are certain features that need to be watched, such as corrosion, embrittlement, etc., but the above references deal with these subjects. Corrosion is not particularly serious in properly constructed equipment except where air enters. 

Constructability VIP The constructability VIP is the systematic implementation of the latest engineering, procurement and construction concepts and lessons learned, which are consistent with the facility s operations and maintenance requirements. The goal is to enhance construction safety, scope, cost, schedule, and quality. 

Has construction experts working with the engineering and procurement process that results in construction safety, cost, schedule, and quality savings... 

Construction workers. It is paramount that the construction site be safe. Most plants will have a Construction Safety Procedure that is in place to protect the plant, its workers, and the construction personnel. This procedure should be included in every prime and sub contract. 

Circulating currents in the enclosures of large rotating electrical machines of unit construction. Safety Notice 3/89, dated February 1989. Department of Energy, UK. 

Other key ideas within the cognitive theories that are often employed within social research are those of values, attitudes and beliefs (Baron et a/. 2006). These elements are often seen as the basic criteria of many social phenomena, including the highly complex concept of culture, although it is attitudes, the inherent disposition to respond favourably or unfavourably to an object/person/ event (Aronson et a/. 2007), that are most frequently used, due to their accessibility through tools such as questionnaires or observed behaviours (Ajzen 2005). In construction, safety management often draws on this way of thinking in the use of safety climate surveys. 

Gheisari, M., Irizarry, J. and Horn, D. (2010) Situation awareness approach to construction safety management improvement. In C. Egbu (ed.). 

Nearly every book about construction safety starts with the statistics. Accident statistics are often one of the most common ways we talk about safety, and they have already appeared in this book in Chapter 2. In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive provides a complete annual statistical evaluation of the more hazardous industries, of which construction is one, readily available on its website. Often termed lagging indicators, accident statistics have long been one of the most readily available and understandable measures of safety, and are frequently used to make broad assessments of an industry or project s performance. 

Although accidents are just one of the ways in which we construct safety on sites, they help create a shared acceptance of a reality in which accidents will happen. It is in this reality where safety improvements are sought. But this is not a context which readily supports a shift to a safer industry. Indeed, an inherent fatalism has often been identified within industrial workforces which can play havoc with organisational safety targets, particularly those around zero - currently the biggest number in construction site safety- and one which is explored in much more detail in Chapter 8. 

Ahmad, K. and Gibb, A. (2004) Towards effective safety performance measurement evaluation of existing techniques and proposals for the future. In S. Rowlinson (ed.). Construction Safety Management Systems, pp. 424-42. Spon Press, London. 

Hinze, J., Thurman, S. and Wehle, A. (2013) Leading indicators of construction safety performance. Safety Science, 51(1), 23-8. 

Even without such considerations, the polarised lexicon demands that those carrying out such inspections take responsibility for declaring safe, and given the potential consequences, this may just be too large a step for supervisors and managers to take. As a result a default position of unsafe dominates there are too many complexities involved in constructing safety as safe in practice. 

Although it could be suggested that positioning safety as a separate entity is a simple rhetorical manifestation of reference to an abstract concept, reflective of safety management systems, it is equally suggestible that it is prec/se/y the associations with ownership and responsibility that are important here, and have actually helped develop our shared understandings. In constructing safety in this way, it is set apart from any personal responsibility, ownership or action and ultimately becomes either its own, or more likely within the context, someone else s responsibility. 

When the two voices are compared, the site voice appears harsh in its approach, issuing threats as it constructs safety as enforcement, however, this is clearly born of frustration and a very real problem in practice - in fact one that is itself acknowledged in the corporate safety propaganda. Although both signs are operating... 

The different levels of management found within the construction site context, and the different ways in which they implement and construct safety on sites create what can be termed a hierarchy of safety. Through the relationships that develop between the violators of the safety rules and those tasked with their enforcement at various levels of management, further considerations of how the responsibility for, and ownership of, safety works in practice can be explored. 

Howarth, T. and Watson, P. (2009) Construction Safety Management. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. 

Although the party and the state has established a safety first, prevention first, comprehensive management of safe production approach to the development of the Mine Safety Act, (Lin 2008) Coal Act, Coal Mine Safety Supervision Ordinance until a series of policies, laws, management departments and business units have done a lot of practical work, have a lot to improve and enhance China s labor protection and production conditions, in order to protect the safety and health of workers in production and construction, safety culture theory, and promoting social production and construction development. However, China s coal enterprises overall understanding of safety culture and the arts and corporate safety culture in construction due to inadequate attention to work-... 

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