Techniques hazard control

Critical to hazard characterization is the identification of hazards and the assessment of possible worker exposure. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways. As described before, one commonly used technique is a JHA with project teams that include the worker. The information collected is used by the SSHO and the radiation control officer to develop an appropriate hazard control and protection strategy. 

Hazards analysis techniques fall in two broad categories. Some techniques focus on hazards control by assuring that the design is in compliance with a pre-existing standard practice. These techniques result from prior hazards analysis, industry standards and recommended practices, results of incident and accident evaluations or similar facilities. Other techniques are predictive in that they can be applied to new situations where such pre-existing standard practices do not exist. 

The most common hazards control technique is a checklist. The checklist is prepared by experienced personnel who are familiar with the design, construction and operation of similar facilities. Checklists are relatively easy to use and provide a guide to the evaluator of items to be considered in evaluating hazards. API RP 14J has examples of two checklists which can be used to evaluate facilities of different complexity. Because production facilities are very similar and have been the subject of many hazard analyses, a checklist analysis to assure compliance with standard practice is recommended for most production facilities. The actual procedure by which the checklist is considered and the manner in which the evaluation is documented to assure compliance varies from case-to-case. 

Although MBE continues to be the best technique for controlled deposition of thin layers (10-100 A) of materials, the MOCVD process does offer the advantage for rapid deposition over large areas of substrates. The basic principles of the MOCVD technique is the thermal decomposition of volatile molecular precursors to the desired combined form (or even the constituent metal itself) on a selected substrate at not too high a temperature. In addition to the volatility of the precursor and its facile decomposition to the desired combined form for deposition, the whole operation should not, from the practical point of view, involve any toxic/hazardous byproducts, that might entail any environmental problems. 

Buekens, A. Huang, H. Comparative evaluation of techniques for controlling the formation and emission of chlorinated dioxins/furans in municipal waste incineration. J. Hazardous Mater. 1998, 62, 1-33. 

A substantial amount of information on gas/vapor explosion hazards and prevention and protection techniques has been made available. However, a successful use of the available prevention and protection techniques to control gas/vapor explosion hazards can be achieved, only if the explosion hazard characteristics of the gases/vapors are determined adequately. 

Beside knowledge of a wide range of hazards, controls, and safety assessment methods, safety professionals must have knowledge of physical, chemical, biological and behavioral sciences, mathematics, business, training and edncational techniques, engineering concepts, and particular kinds of operations (construction, manufacturing, transportation, etc.). 

Establishing and implementing techniques that involve risk analysis, cost, cost-benefit analysis, work sampling, loss rate, and similar methodologies, for periodic and systematic evaluation of hazard control and hazard control program effectiveness. 

In relation to previous BCSP publications about its examinations, these terms now appear more prominently environmental controls safety through design design of hazard control systems risk management and risk assessment techniques. 

Engineer hazard control into the design of machines, equipment, and facilities Inspect and maintain machines, equipment, tools, and facilities Incorporate risk control into training, techniques, and methods Comply with safety and health standards Comply with safety and health legislation Identify and eliminate risks on an ongoing basis... 

The PHA (Figure 6.2) is perhaps the most critical analysis that will be performed because it is usually the first in-depth attempt to isolate the hazards of a new or, in some cases, modified system. The PHA will also provide rationale for hazard control and indicate the need for further, more detailed analyses, such as the subsystem hazard analysis (SSHA) and the system hazard analysis (SHA). The PHA is usually developed using the system safety techniques known as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) (Chapter 9) and/or the ETBA. Data required to complete... 

Some use additional charting techniques when seeking causes. One example is the Ishikawa fish diagram. Many people use this diagram in dealing with quality. It applies a concept that includes people, methods, machines, materials, environment, measurements. That model is similar to the hazard control models introduced in Chapter 9. They included the 4M s and the Goal Accomplishment Model. 

Grose applied system safety principles and techniques in preparing hazard control information for management decisions. His process creates a simplified decision chart, the Hazard Totem Pole (Figure 36-7). 

Occupational health and safety management tools (including hazard identification and risk assessment, selection and implementation of appropriate hazard controls, developing proactive and reactive performance measures, understanding techniques to encourage employee participation and evaluation of work-related accidents and incidents)... 

These variables include control over error management, accident prevention techniques, hazard management, risk engineering, and corporate arrangements for employee consultation and reporting. 

Strengthening of analytical techniques to control hazardous compounds. 

Utilities should develop, use, and implement energy control procedures, including tagout/lockout, for the control of potentially hazardous energy. The procedures shall clearly and specifically outline the scope, purpose, authorization, rules, and techniques in controlling hazardous energy. The procedures will also detail how compliance will be enforced, including... 

---