Ethoxylated quaternary amines

Mixtures of more complex nitrogen-containing compounds such as amine oxides and ethoxylated quaternary amines are also amenable to the type of Investigation described above ( ). The CAD spectra of these substances are dominated by a few informative ions which result from specific fragmentations characteristic of the class of compounds. The Crfi2n+2 1099 series also occurs but at a less abundant level for the ethoxylated compounds, and the series is of low abundance for the amine oxides. 

Relatively long chain alkyl group ethoxylated amines are used to generate sufficient incompatibility and to cause blooming. Metal ions could be chelated to increase efficiency but they also reduce heat stability. For food contact applications maximum of 0.1 % of ethoxylated amines may be used. Above this level decrease in heat stability occurs and cannot be used for FDA sanctioned areas. Amines could form unwanted color in combination with phenolic antioxidants such as BUT, BPA or some UV absorbers such as hydroxybenzophenone. Ethoxylated quaternary amine salts... 

The most common way to alter the susceptibility of the plastic to static charge accumulation is to add to it some component that attracts and retains a thin layer of surface moisture, and at the same time weakly ionizes it. The ionized water provides the needed conductive path so that static charges will dissipate. The additive can be applied to a surface layer in the material, can be distributed through the bulk of the material, or can even be conhned in an inner layer of a coextruded material. Antistatic additives that are commonly used include ethoxylated amines, quaternary amines, and ethoxylated amides. 

Fatty acids are raw materials for fatty amines, ethoxylated fatty amines, quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats), fatty acid-polyamine condensates, fabric softeners based on esterquats, fatty add amides, alkyl keten dimers for paper sizing and amphoteric surfactants. Binding of oleic add anhydride to cellulose fibre by chemical grafting is a recently introduced sustainable process to protect construction timber for outdoor use, such as pinewood shutters, from moisture and outside attack. Impregnation of the wood involves two stages firstly in an autoclave, where vacuum and pressure ensure its penetration, and then in a tank where the wood is soaked in a bath of anhydride, to encourage grafting of the anhydride on the wood. ... 

Cationic slow-setting 0.8-2.0 2-5 Dense-graded mixes Quaternary amines, ethoxylated tallow diamines, lignin amines... 

Amines and Quaternary Amine salts Ethoxylated Ethoxylated Amine... 

Ethoxylated fatty amines are 48 percent of the market, aliphatic sulfonates 25 percent, fatty acid esters 16 percent, quaternary ammonium compounds 2 percent, others 9 percent. 

Di(alkylamidoethyl)amine ethoxylated quaternary ammonium methosulfate (DAAEQAMS)... 

Additives used in final products Plasticizers polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, partial fatty ester, glucose monoester, citrate, adipate and azelate esters, epoxidized soybean oil, acetylated coconut oil, linseed oil, acetyl tributyl citrate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol tripropionate Antistatics ethoxylated fatty amines, polyethylene glycol ester, quaternary ammonium salt Antiblocking diatomaceous earth, talc Slip erucamide ... 

The antistatic agents recommended for PO fibers are quaternary ammonium salts of fatty acids, alkano-lamines, alkanolamides, polyglycolesters, alkoxylated triglicerides, and ethoxylated tertiary amines (Table 2). The quaternary ammonium compounds and nonionic surfactants dominate this field because of their higher oil solubility and hygroscopicity. 

Similar, but more efficient, arc ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salts R2N" (CH2CH20H)2X. The popular anions are alkylsulfates andp-toluenesulfonate. As with ethoxylated amines, there is an increased tendency to form a hydrogen-bonded surface network relative to simple quaternary salts. This class of cationics tends to provide the greatest resistance of all internal anlistats to build of surface resistivity with decreasing relative humidity. This is simply from the difficulty in dehydrating aqueous sulfuric or toluenesulfonic acids without resort to extreme... 

A. for fibers ( textile auxiliaries) are sulfonates and phosphates, - fatty amines, - fatty acid amides and their ethoxylates, - quaternary ammonium compounds as well as - fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid esters and their derivatives. For more durable finishes, polyamine resins cross-linked on the fiber are used. 

Henrich developed a comprehensive TLC method for identification of surfactants in formulations (4). She specified two reversed-phase and four normal phase systems, with detection by fluorescence quenching, pinacryptol yellow and rhodamine B, and iodine. Prior to visualization, one plate was scanned with a densitometer at 254 nm, and UV reflectance spectra were recorded for each spot detected. Tables were prepared showing the Rf values of 150 standard surfactants in each of the six systems, along with the reflectance spectra and response to the visualizers. This system allows for systematic identification of compounds of a number of surfactant types (LAS, alcohol sulfates and ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, sufosuccinate esters, phosphate compounds, AE, APE, ethoxylated sorbi-tan esters, mono- and dialkanolamides, EO/PO copolymers, amine oxides, quaternary amines, amphoterics and miscellaneous compounds). Supplementary analysis by normal phase HPLC aided in exactly characterizing ethoxylated compounds. For confirmation, the separated spots may be scraped from one of the silica gel plates and the surfactant extracted from the silica with methanol and identified by IR spectroscopy. 

LAS, alcohol sulfates, ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, sulfosucci-nate esters, phosphate compounds, AE, APE, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, mono- and dial-kanolamides, EO/PO copolymers, amine oxides, quaternary amines, amphoterics, others identification in formulations... 

AE, NPE, acid ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, esters, ethoxylated esters, alkanolamides, ethoxylated alkanolamides, EO/PO copolymers LAS, alkyl sulfates, ether sulfates, isethionates, sulfosuccinate half ester, carboxylates, sarcosides, taurides, fatty acid alkanolamides, amine oxides, quaternary amines, betaines, imidazoline derivatives detection in personal care formulations... 

Fabric softener sheets normally contain quaternaries formulated as their methyl sulfate salts, since the more common chloride salts can be corrosive to the dryer. Sheets usually contain other compounds like acid ethoxylates or amine soaps to optimize properties and performance. Some fabric softeners also contain amphoterics, generally imidazolines rather than quaternary amines. 

Ethylene oxide adds to the bis(2-hydtoxyethyl) teitiaiy amine in a random fashion where x y y = n y2. Ethoxylated amines, varying from strongly cationic to very weakly cationic in character, are available containing up to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol of amine. Ethyoxylated fatty amine quaternaries, cationic surfactants (both chloride from methyl chloride and acetate from acetic acid), ate also available. 

P. R. Hart. Method of breaking water-in-oil emulsions by using quaternary alkyl amine ethoxylates. Patent US 5250174, 1993. 

Surfactants are also used to break low mobility oil emulsions. Organic amines and quaternary ammonium salts (128), alkylphenol ethoxylates (128), poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide-co-propylene glycol) (129) and alkyl- or alkylaryl polyoxyalkylene phosphate esters (130) are among the surfactants that have been used. 

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