Glycol polypropylene

Ozonisation followed by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride to oxyalkylene groups has been used to study regioisomerism in polypropylene glycols. Adopting the following nomenclature for propylene glycol  

If these sequences occurred consecutively in polypropylene glycol, then it would have the structure  

Upon ozonolysis, fission occurs to produce aldehydic and ketonic groups  

Upon reduction with lithium aluminium hydride, the following are produced  

From the relative amounts of these three glycols produced, determined by gas chromatography, the amounts of head-to-head, tail-to-tail and tail-to-head configurations can be deduced. The di-primary propylene glycol occurs in two optically 

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Polyalkylene glycols, particularly polypropylene glycols, represent 17% of French market in 1992. 

Long-chain aUphatic acids such as adipic acid (qv) [124-04-9] are generally used to improve flexibiUty and enhance impact properties, demonstrating subtle improvements over resins modified with the ether glycols (diethylene glycol) and polyether glycols (polypropylene glycol) (see PoLYETHERs). 

Propylene oxide and carboxyUc acids ia equimolar ratios produce monoesters of propylene glycol. Higher ratios of oxide to acid produce polypropylene glycol monoesters. In the presence of basic catalysts these monoesters can undergo transesterification reactions that yield a product mixture of propylene glycols, monoesters, and diesters (57,60). 

Aliphatic Glycidyl Ethers. Aliphatic epoxy resins have been synthesized by glycidylation of difunctional or polyfunctional polyols such as a 1,4-butanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), polypropylene glycols, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol. 

Stmctural and chemical modification of urethane containing polymer matri-ces with macrocycles - calixarenes having reactive hydrazide groups have been carried out and stmcture, physico chemical and sensor properties of polyure-thanesemicarbazides (PUS) synthesised have been studied. The polymers obtained (on the base of polypropylene glycol MM 1000 and polysiloxane diol MM 860, hexamethylene diisocyanate and calixarene dihydrazide) are identified by IR-spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), DSC, WAXS and SAXS methods. 

The submitters state that gas chromatographic analysis was made on a 2-m. column packed with polypropylene glycol (LB-550-X... 

Most of the commercial polymers consist of polyether blocks separated by polyamide blocks. The polyether blocks may be based on polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or, more commonly, polytetramethylene ether glycol. The polyamides are usually based on nylon 11 but may be based on nylons 6 or 66 even a copolymer, e.g. 6/11. 

Rhodamine B vaseline [155] diphenyl, polyphenols [156] maleic and fu-maric acids [162] flavonoids [158] alcohols as 3,5-dinitrobenzoates [159, 160] gangliosides [161] 1-hydroxychlorden [162] carbamate pestiddes [163] para-thion and its metabolites [164] polyethylene and polypropylene glycols [165] terpene derivatives [166] menthol [167]... 

Depending on the propylene oxide/water ratio, di-, tri- and polypropylene glycols can be made the main products. 

Figure 5. (a) The ( A, SO,) anion symmetric streching mode of polypropylene glycol)- LiCF,SO, for 0 M ratios of 2000 1 and 6 1. Solid symbols represent experimental data after subtraction of the spectrum corre-ponding to the pure polymer. Solid curves represent a three-component fit. Broken curves represent the individual fitted components, (b) Relative Raman intensities of the fitted profiles for the ( Aj, SO,) anion mode for this system, plotted against square root of the salt concentration, solvated ions ion pairs , triple ions, (c) The molar conductivity of the same system at 293 K. Adapted from A. Ferry, P. Jacobsson, L. M. Torell, Electrnchim. Acta 1995, 40, 2369 and F. M. Gray, Solid State Ionics 1990, 40/41, 637. 

Coupling agents such as hydroxymethyl benzene or a polyoxyeth-ylene-polyoxypropylene ether [polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol ether, POE-POP ether, e.g., Ucon synthetic lubricant from Union Carbide Corp.)] and hydrotropes, such as an imidazoline car-boxylate may also be needed to hold the formulation together. 

Polypropylene glycol is a family of long-chain polymers attached to a glycerin backbone. 

Polymers such as the acrylic PVM/MA copolymer are added to prevent bacteria from breaking down pyrophosphates. Other long polymers used are polyethylene glycol (PEG) in various weights (PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-40, etc.), and polypropylene glycol (PPG). 

FIGURE 24.4 Master curves of the local segmental relaxation times for 1,4-polyisoprene (-y = 3.0) 1,2-polybutadiene (7=1.9) polyvinylmethylether (7 = 2.55) polyvinylacetate (7 = 2.6) polypropylene glycol (7 = 2.5) polyoxybutylene (7 = 2.8) poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde (7 = 3.5) polymethylphe-nylsiloxane (7 = 5.6) poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] (7 = 3.3) and polymethyltolylsiloxane (PMTS) (7 = 5.0) [15 and references therein]. Each symbol for a given material represents a different condition of T and P. 

In Figures 24.7 through 24.9 are shown the volume dependences of the local and global relaxation times for 1,4-polyisoprene [90], polypropylene glycol [91], and polyoxybutylene [76]. For either mode, volume does not uniquely dehne the relaxation times, as the curves for different... 

FIGURE 24.8 Local segmental (upper panel) and normal mode (lower panel) relaxation times for polypropylene glycol (M = 4 kg/mol) [91], plotted versus specific volume. 

FIGURE 24.10 Dielectric relaxation times from Figures 24.7 through 24.9 plotted versus 7V, with mode independent -y = 3.0 (1,4-polyisoprene), = 2.5 (polypropylene glycol), and = 2.65 (polyoxyhutylene). 

About 60% of the propylene oxide made is polymerized to polypropylene glycol and other polyethers for use in polyurethane foams and adhesives. Propylene glycol is also widely used in polyester resins based on maleic anhydride. 

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