Extraction surfactant

The efficiency of extraction is determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the extracted surfactant is recrystallized from acetone and re-used for subsequent syntheses. 

TGA measurements showed that 90-95w% of the surfactant is extracted by this procedure. Elemental analysis, X-Ray diffraction and infrared analysis proved that the recrystallized extracted surfactant is identical to the original one, and we have re-used it several times without any decrease in the quality of the obtained MCM materials. 

The preparation of pure silica MCM-48, using cationic gemini surfactants, followed by a controlled extraction of the surfactant results in materials that have a more narrow pore size distribution than the ones in which the surfactant is removed by calcination. Since no calcination is needed, there is no unit cell contraction and the extraction surfactant can be recrystallized and re-used. 

The upper and lower concentration limits of applicability of the foam separation method have been studied by Khaskova and Kruglyakov [67,70,84]. They found experimentally that accumulation from surfactant solutions with a concentration cl.q = 2-3 CMC is possible at //mm = 6-9 (for NaOL foams) or = 27-30 (for NaDoBS foams) [67,70]. Surely, the time needed to extract surfactants from concentrated solutions increases considerably (a prolonged air barbotage is necessary), and a substantial carry-away of the liquid phase is possible. For example, about 20 hours were needed to extract OP-10 from a solution with concentration 300 mg dm3 and to decrease its concentration to 10 mg dm 3 [72]. 

Solute External Feed Phase Extractant Surfactant Diluent Internal Phase Efficiency/ Recovery References... 

Solute Phase Extractant Surfactant Diluent Phase Recovery Referenc... 

Fig. 3. Examples of mass spectra of n-hexane/dichloromethane (FI) extractable surfactants isolated by foam tower stripping from a bulk surface seawater sample (upper), an unslicked microlayer (centre), and a heavily slicked microlayer (lower). The spectra show the dominance of polyoxy components in the bulk seawater surfactants and different degrees of enrichment of more hydrophobic lipid surfactants in the microlayer. Note that these particular spectra were chosen to illustrate the range of composition observed and the impact on surface elasticity (see Figure 4), not to represent bulk seawater, unslicked and slicked microlayers generally...

The attempt to extract surfactants directly from aqueous solutions into organic solvents without auxiliary measures is usually futile. The tendency of surfactants to concentrate at phase boundaries leads to the formation of emulsions and phase separation becomes very difficult. 

Uses Acid catalyst in resin curing chemical intermediate in formulation of mst preventatives antistat textile lubricant oil additive heavy metal extractant surfactant... 

Properties Liq. si. sol. in water sp.gr. 1.13 acid no. 430 flash pt. (TCC) 265 F anionic NFPA Health 3, Flammability 1 Uses Acid catalyst in resin curing chemical intermediate in formulation of rust preventatives antistat textile lubricant oil additive heavy metal extractant surfactant Manuf./Distrib. Rhodia/Phosphorus Perf. Derivs. http //www.rhodia-ppd.com Trade Name Synonyms Findet DD t[Finetex http //www.finetexmc.com, Servoxyl VPIZ... 

Behenamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride Dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline Disodium oleth-3 sulfosuccinate Palmitoyl collagen amino acids Undecylenoyl collagen amino acids surfactant, bath oils Isostearoyl hydrolyzed collagen surfactant, bath oils blooming Myreth-3 myristate surfactant, beverages Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract surfactant, biocides Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine... 

PEG-10 oleate surfactant, chewing gum Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract surfactant, cleaners... 

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract surfactant, high-foaming carpet cleaners Sodium C15-18 olefin sulfonate surfactant, high-foaming upholstery cleaners Sodium Cl5-18 olefin sulfonate surfactant, hIgh-temp. applies. lsolaureth-10... 

A few compounds of this type are industrially important as intermediates in the manufacture of insecticides, metal extractants, surfactants and so on. Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phosphonate (iso-octylphosphonate) is obtained from PCI3 and the alcohol, if the reaction is carried out at low temperature with the rapid removal of HCl (6.283). This compound is used to prepare bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (6.284). 

ISO 6843 [7] deals with the determination of the molecular weight of ethoxylated alcohol and alkylphenol sulphates in raw materials. It includes the following procedure for the extraction of active matter with a mixture of ethyl acetate and butan-l-ol in the ratio 9 1 by volume. This procedure is useful in itself and may be of more general use for extracting surfactants from aqueous solution. 

The attempt to directly extract surfactants from aqueous solutions into organic solvents without auxiliary measures is usually futile. The tendency of surfactants to concentrate at phase boundaries leads to the formation of emulsions and phase separation becomes very difficult. Formation of lipophilic ion pairs between ionic surfactants and suitable counterions, however, avoids these problems. Hon-Nami and Hanya developed a method of extracting LAS as their ion pairs with methylene blue using chloroform from river water [28]. This method is also often applied to purify LAS extracts. Afterwards the ion pair is cleaved on a cationic exchange resin [29]. 

Schurch S, Schurch D, Curstedt T, Robertson B. Surfaee activity of lipid extract surfactant in relation to film area eompression and eollapse. J Appl Physiol 1994 ... 

Sehurch S, Possmayer F, Cheng S, Coekshutt AM. Pulmonary SP-A enhances adsorption and appears to induee surfaee sorting of lipid extract surfactant. Am J Physiol 1992 263 L210-L218. 

Cockshutt AM, Weitz J, Possmayer F. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A enhances the surface activity of lipid extract surfactant and reverses inhibition by blood proteins in vitro. Biochemistry 1990 29 8424-8429. 

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