Soybean oil epoxidized

Other materials that are often referred to as secondary plasticizers iaclude materials such as epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and similar materials. These can act as lubricants but also as secondary stabilizers to PVC due to thein epoxy content which can remove HCl from the degrading polymer. 

Epoxidized oils were also used to modify PLA Ali et ah (2009) reported that its use as a plasticizer to improve flexibility. Thermal and scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that epoxidized soybean oil is partially miscible with PLA. Rheological and mechanical properties of PLA/epoxidized soybean oil blends were studied by Xu and Qu (2009) Epoxidized soybean oil exhibited a positive effect on both the elongation at break and melt rheology. Al-Mulla et al. (2010b) also reported that plasticization of PLA (epoxidized palm oil) was carried out via solution casting process using chloroform as a solvent. The results indicated that improved flexibility could be achieved by incorporation of epoxidized palm oil. 

PLA/PCL-OMMT nano-composites were prepared effectively using fatty amides as clay modifier. The nano-composites shows increasing mechanical properties and thermal stability (Hoidy et al, 2010c). New biopolymer nano-composites were prepared by treatment of epoxidized soybean oil and palm oil, respectively plasticized PLA modified MMT with fatty nitrogen compounds. The XRD and TEM results confirmed the production of nanocomposites. The novelty of these studies is use of fatty nitrogen compoimds which reduces the dependence on petroleum-based surfactants (Al-Mulla et al., 2011 Al-Mulla et ah, 2011 Al- Mulla et ah, 2010c). 

Ali, F., Chang, Y., Kang, S.C., Yoon, J.Y. 2009. Thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of poly (lactic add)/epoxidized soybean oil blends. Polymer Bulletin. 62 91-98. 

Al-Mulla, E.A.J., Suhail, A. H. and Aowda, S. 2011. A. New biopolymer nanocomposites based on epoxidized soybean oil plastidzed poly(lactic add)/fatty nitrogen compounds modified clay Preparation and characterization. Industrial Crops and Products 33. 23-29. 

Xu, Y. and Qu, J. 2009. Mechanical and rheological properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized poly(lactic acid). Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112 3185 - 3191. 

The use of oleochemicals in polymers has a long tradition. One can differentiate between the use as polymer materials, such as linseed oil and soybean oil as drying oils, polymer stabilizers and additives, such as epoxidized soybean oil as plasticizer, and building blocks for polymers, such as dicarboxylic acids for polyesters or polyamides (Table 4.2) [7]. Considering the total market for polymers of ca. 150 million tonnes in 1997 the share of oleochemical based products is relatively small - or, in other terms, the potential for these products is very high. Without doubt there is still a trend in the use of naturally derived materials for polymer applications, especially in niche markets. As an example, the demand for linseed oil for the production of linoleum has increased from 10000 tonnes in 1975 to 50 000 tonnes in 1998 (coming from 120000 tonnes in 1960 ) [8a]. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a plastic additive has a relatively stable market of ca. 100000 tonnes year-1 [8b]. 

Castle, L., Sharman, M. and Gilbert, J. (1988b). Gas chromatographic-mass spectro-metric determination of epoxidized soybean oil contamination of foods by migration from plastic packaging, /. Assoc. Ojf. Anal. Chem., 71, 6, 1183-1186. 

What is the advantage of using epoxidized soybean oil as a stabilizer for PVC ... 

At least one study has compared vemonia oil to partially epoxidized soybean and linseed oils, to investigate claims that vemonia oil is advantaged due to inherently lower viscosity. Authors conclude that partially epoxidized soybean and linseed oils have viscosity and reactivity that are similar to vemonia oil in formulated coating systems, and provide improvements to viscosity, content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and curing time in alkyd coatings when compared to conventional formulations and formulations containing fully epoxidized soybean oil [116]. 

ATMET of a triglyceride-based multifunctional monomer [125]. The ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil with 4-vinyl benzene sulfonic acid provided monomers suitable for metathesis polymerization. The bulk reaction of this monomer in the presence of C5 afforded a thermosetting material with a Tg of — 1.6°C. 

These fatty acids and oils, as well as their derivatives, are applied in a broad range of products such as surfactants, lubricants and coatings, and, obviously, biodiesel. Upon epoxidation of the double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids, very important compounds for the polymer industry are produced, which are used as plasticizers and stabilizers for a broad range of polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyesters, and polyurethanes [71]. Another interesting application has been found in the conversion of epoxidized soybean oil to carbonated soybean oil that can be reacted with ethylene diamine to obtain a polyurethane with interesting properties [72], Traditionally, stoichiometric reagents are used for the epoxidation of these oils and fats, albeit in some cases, with limited results. Therefore, the MTO/H2O2 system has been explored to epoxidize unsaturated fatty acids and oils. 

Following the successful development of epoxidized soybean oil( 5), mainly as a stabilizer adjuvant with high permanence but poor low temperature plasticizing properties, the epoxidized fatty acid esters were introduced. These included the C8 mono-hydric alcohol esters — octyl epoxystearate and octyl epoxy-tallate. They also acted as stabilizer adjuvants but with outstanding low temperature plasticizing properties. The epoxy stabilizer/plasticizers have grown to over 50,000 tons/year in the U.S. in 1978, with the epoxidized soybean oil type predominating. 

Polyvinylchloride (PVC). Kim et al. (H) analyzed the volatiles of polyvinylchloride (PVC), one of the most versatile packaging materials. The major precursors for the formation of the volatile compounds were considered to be PVC polymer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA), bis-2-(ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP) and tris-nonylphenyl phosphite and epoxidized soybean oil. 

Acrylated oil epoxy acrylates These epoxy acrylates are essentially epoxidized soybean oil acrylate. These resins have low viscosity, low cost, and good pigment wetting properties. They produce relatively flexible coatings. Acrylated oil epoxy acrylates are used mainly in pigmented coatings or to reduce cost. 

Adhvaryu, A., and Urban, S. Z. 2002. Epoxidized Soybean Oil as a Potential Source of High-Temperature Lubricants. Ind. Crops Prod., 15, 247-254. 

Most of physical and chemical properties of regular butyl and halobutyl are similar. Nevertheless, dehydrohalogenation, more sensitive for brominated polymer, is observed at high temperature and can occur during processing. The reaction is autocatalyzed by the evolved acid and stabilization consists of trapping this acid by calcium stearate and epoxidized soybean oil, which are added in the last phase of production process. 

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