AMIDES, FATTY ACID

Color white, off-white, amber Odor slight fatty State solid-w  

Moisture content, % traces Water solubility, % insoluble-slightly soluble  

NEPA flammability 0 NFPA health 1 NFPA instability 0 

Packaging class non-hazardous Autoignltion temp., °C n/a Flash point, C 100-321 

Aquatic toxicity readily biodegradable LD50, rat oral, mg/kg 2,000-7,500  

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The fatty acid amides (a. in Figure 9.1) do not allow variations in the lipophilic part. 

Many of the physical properties of fatty acid amides have been explained on the basis of the tautomeric stmctures ... 

A/-Chloro fatty acid amides have been synthesized from the direct halogenation of the amide in boiling water (28). They are useful as reactive intermediates for further synthesis. Fluorination has also been reported by treating the fatty amide with fluorine-containing acid reagents at 200 °C to reach a fluorinated amide with less reactivity toward fluorocarbon polymers (29). 

Approximate, 1990. Table 4 Hsts many of the commercially available substituted fatty acid amides. The /V,/V-dimetby1 amides, ethoxylated amides, and other specialty substituted amides are available ia commercial quantities, but are of lower volume. Table 4. Substituted Fatty Acid Amides ... 

N,A/-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)coco fatty acid amide [68603-42-9] Ninol 2021 Extra Stepan flakes... 

Amides can be titrated direcdy by perchloric acid ia a nonaqueous solvent (60,61) and by potentiometric titration (62), which gives the sum of amide and amine salts. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize fatty acid amides (63). Mass spectroscopy has been able to iadicate the position of the unsaturation ia unsaturated fatty amides (64). Typical specifications of some primary fatty acid amides and properties of bisamides are shown ia Tables 5 and 6. 

Substituted Amide Waxes. The product of fatty acid amidation has unique waxlike properties (13). Probably the most widely produced material is N,1S7-distearylethylenediarnine [110-30-5] which has a melting point of ca 140°C, an acid number of ca 7, and a low melt viscosity. Because of its unusuaHy high melting point and unique functionaHty, it is used in additive quantities to raise the apparent melting point of themoplastic resins and asphalts, as an internal—external lubricant in the compounding of a variety of thermoplastic resins, and as a processing aid for elastomers. 

Castor od fatty acid amide polyethylene ethers exhibited dispersant, antimicrobial, emulsifying, and wetting properties. Combining the ethers with... 

Material is the reaction product of a fatty acid amide of N,iV-dimethylpropylenediamine and epichlorohydrin and hydrolyzed milk protein. 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

HaUcomid The C.P. Hall Co. dimethyl fatty acid amides... 

DPTS-di-pentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide TDD-thiodiazoIe derivative NC-fatty acid amide amine B-18-special curative DOTG-dior-tho-tolyl guanidine peroxide 14/40-dicumyI peroxide TAC-triallyl cyanurate. 

The use of alkyl ether carboxylates in manual dishwashing agents was described in 1966 [136]. Subsequently several patents mention combinations of alkyl ether carboxylates with aminoxides [137,142], betaines [138,139,142], different anionic surfactants [140], quaternary compounds [141], alkylpolyglucoside [142], and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide [143]. In all cases the ether carboxylates are used to improve mildness and to achieve good cleaning and lathering properties. 

Miura Y, AJ Fulco (1975) u-l, co-2, and co-3 hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids, amides and alcohols by a soluble enzyme system from Bacillus megaterium. Biochim Biophys Acta 388 305-317. 

Fatty acid amides of isophorone diamine, 2,5-diaminonorbomylene, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-diaminohexane are particularly suitable for high-tempera-ture and high-pressure applications [971],... 

Oxyethylated Alkylphenol, Fatty Acid Amide, and Alkylphosphate Mixtures... 

A solution of a surfactant mixture in liquid paraffin, containing oil-soluble oxyethylated alkylphenol, having the formula with an Cg to C12 alkyl rest, the alkylphosphate of a higher fatty acid alcohol (RO)2PO — OH where R is Cio to C20, and a fatty acid amide of diethanolamine, are suitable for removing oils... 

FAAH was originally purified and cloned from rat liver microsomes and is able to catalyse the hydrolysis of anandamide and 2-AG, in addition to other long-chain fatty acid amides [25]. Studies into the structure and role of this enzyme have generated interest in the potential therapeutic applications of FAAH inhibitors [26-28]. FAAH knock-out mouse brains contained 15-fold higher levels of anandamide than their wild-type counterparts and these animals have also been shown to be more responsive to exogenously administered anandamide [29]. These animals also showed a reduced response to painful stimuli, supporting the hypothesis that FAAH inhibition may provide novel analgesics. Levels of 2-AG were not elevated in the FAAH knock-out animals, apparently due to the existence of alternative metabolic fates for this compound [30]. 

Kellum [115] has described a class-selective oxidation chemistry procedure for the quantitative determination of secondary antioxidants in extracts of PE and PP with great precision (better than 1 %). Diorgano sulfides and tertiary phosphites can be quantitatively oxidised with /-chloropcroxybenzoic acid to the corresponding sulfones and phosphates with no interference from other stabilisers or additives. Hindered phenols, benzophenones, triazoles, fatty acid amides, and stearate... 

Thin-layer chromatography is employed in many areas of QC and routine monitoring of product quality [458]. Fluorescence scanning, densitometry or videodensitometry are used for quantification. Not all polymer additives are amenable to TLC analysis. Some fatty acid amides are virtually insoluble in organic solvents and cannot be isolated by thin-layer or column chromatography. 

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