Quaternary amine salts

In contrast, quaternary amine salts can participate in an exchange reaction directly with the aqueous solution as indicated below ... 

Tribenzyl phosphate and tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate are hyperalkylating agents and produce quaternary amine salts,... 

Non-aqueous titration with acetous perchloric acid is used in the pharmacopoeial assays of adrenaline, metronidazole, codeine, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorpromazine.HCl, amitriptyline.HCl, propranolol.HCl, lignocaine.HCl and quaternary amine salts such as neostigmine bromide and pancuronium bromide. 

The equilibrium for unsaturated amines favors the allyl rather, than the vinyl derivative when the nitrogen atom is in the quaternary amine salt form (equation 4) (66JA3376). It has also been assumed that the N,iV-dimethyl-l,2-dihydropyridinium bromide (16) is more stable than the 1,4-isomer (17) since complete deuterium exchange can be accomplished without isomerization (66JA3376). 

Dehydrobufotenine There is a covalent bond formed between the dimethylated nitrogen atom and the indolic 4-position, by the theoretical removal of a molecule of hydrogen. It is no longer a simple tryptamine but as it is a commonly found component of the chemistry of several toads, and a few giant reeds as well, it is included here. It is, by definition, a quaternary amine salt. 

SAX Aromatic Quaternary amine Salt buffers AN, MeOH, H20 Anions... 

The tertiary and quaternary amine salts of l,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives (Table 7.9) are brilliant, moderately lightfast brighteners for (modified) polyacrylonitriles. Some can also be used to brighten cellulose acetate. Depending on the structure and nature of the anion, concentrated aqueous solutions with long shelf lives can be obtained such products are needed, for example, in gel brightening. 

Pendant quaternary amine salts prepared by Price [3] were effective as antifouling additives in marine paint. 

Second group is water-immiscible primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and their derivatives, quaternary amine salts and other proton acceptors (see respective chapters). Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of anion transporting agents, playing an important role in the biological and biochemical processes. Several amines, their derivatives, surfactants, lipophilic metal complexes, macrocycles with positively charged subunits are known and developing as anion carriers [22-24, 27-29, 44-46]. 

Aminofunctional silicone microemulsions having at least one long-chain quaternary amine salt... 

Lewis base salts (imidazole versus imidazolium salts or tertiary amine versus quaternary amine salts) do not change the mechanism. They follow the same order as Lewis bases. Metal salt complexes with tertiary amines may be more latent than tertiary amines, probably due to the absence of solvolysis of the... 

Cationic epoxy resin based systems can be prepared by reacting quaternary amine salts with epoxy resins to introduce the cationic functions. The polymers can then be cross-linked with blocked isocyanates at reasonable baking temperatures (34. 35). 

The mechanism of action of the nitrogen mustards (14) is depicted in Figure 42.1. In step 1, the lone pair of electrons on the un-ionized amino group conducts an intramolecular nucleophilic attack at the (3-carbon of the mustard, displacing chloride ion and forming the highly electrophilic aziridinium ion intermediate, a quaternary amine salt. The carbon atoms of this strained cyclic structure are highly electrophilic... 

Production chemicals are used in relatively much smaller quantities, but significant proportions are discharged into the environment. The chemicals include biocides, scale and corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, surfactants, and paraffin inhibitors. The commonly used biocides include glutaraldehyde, quaternary amine salts, and, to a much smaller extent, some thiocarbamates, isothiazolin, and hypochlorite. Other biocides include Bioban P-1487 (80%... 

The latter structures exhibit greater activity and one possible explanation, is that the cationic structures exhibit a much higher degree of intermolecular and intramolecular self-quenching owing to the presence of the quaternary amine salt. This effect, although reasonable, does not appear to be reflected by their longer triplet lifetimes. 

Protonation of the tertiary nitrogen to produce the quaternary amine salt gives rise to the possibility of both an a and P isomer at the nitrogen position. The H NMR spectrum indicates the presence of two NH+ protons, confirmed by the results of a deuterium exchange expoiment, which are... 

Amines and Quaternary Amine salts Ethoxylated Ethoxylated Amine... 

The simultaneous extraction of trivalent chromium, hexavalent chromium, and zinc from cooling lower blowdown water was studied in detail by Fuller and Li. They investigated Alamine 336, an oil-solaUe tertiary amine, and Aliquat 336-S, an oil-soluble quaternary amine salt, both manufactured by General Mills, as carriers in various liquid-membrane systems. Alamine was found to be an effective extractant for Cr , Ct, and Zn. However, for Cr and Cr, a pH of 3.0 or less in the external (feed) phase was required while Zn could be extracted only at a pH > 7. Thus, a combined process could not be developed. Aliquat 336-S was more promising. The chemistry of extraction with this carrier involves the following steps ... 

The material shown in Figure 7.1 is basically a sulfosuccinic ester quaternary amine salt. 

The above reaction was carried out in the presence of quaternary amine salts as catalysts. 

It was reported recently that quaternary amine salts had been used as the collector of copper oxide ore [22]. Those quaternary amine salts include propyl, butyl, amyl, and trimethyl hexadecyl quaternary amine salt. 

Aminomethylated compounds (eqs. (15.13) and (15.16), Scheme 15.1) obtained by the Mannich reaction yield various kinds of 2-metalated compounds. The aminomethylated compounds yield quaternary amine salts by the Menshutkin reaction with an alkyl halide, and a methylol derivative is prepared by adding alkali to the salt. Dihydrocholesterol (cholestanol) reacts with dimethylamino-methylferrocene in the presence of methyl iodide and acetone to afford the ferrocene derivatives as shown in Scheme 15.5 [76,77],... 

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