Engineering support personnel

It would be well if engineering were less generally thought of... as the art of constructing. In a certain important sense it is the art of not constructing. .. of doing that well with one dollar which any bungler can do with two after a fashion. 

Ultimately, all of the engineer s work must benefit mankind. Recognition of this fact is demonstrated by the enactment of professional engineering registration laws in the various states for the purpose to safeguard life, health and property, and to promote the public welfare. Engineers must objectively evaluate their designs to insure that the positive effects exceed any adverse effects and that, on balance, their solutions are for the public benefit. 

Engineering technicians are specialists in methodology devoted to the accomplishment of practical objectives. Typical activities of technicians 

Technologist Routine product development Construction supervision Technical sales Hardware design and development Coordination of work force, materials, and equipment Supervision of technicians and craftsmen 

Technician Drafting Estimating Field inspections Data collection 

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Terminals for accessing historical information should be situated in and around the main control room, as appropriate. Remote terminals, conveniently situated for the use of engineering support personnel, are useful and should also be considered. In deciding upon the location of terminals and the design of the human-machine interfaces for accessing historical data, attention should be paid to the needs, duties and capabilities of the users. 

Fewer Resources. To assure economic well-being, the investment of 175 x 10 ia R D (1996) in the United States and 370 x 10 worldwide must be managed to maximize return (4). This will require substantial change for over one million scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel ia 13,000 laboratories across the United States and their counterparts around the world (5). 

Fixed costs are those elements of piece cost that are a function of the annual production volume. Fixed costs are called fixed because they typically represent one-time capital investments (buildings, silos, processing machines, etc.) or annual expenses unaffected by the number of products produced (building rent, engineering support, administrative personnel, etc.). Typically, these costs are distributed over the total number of products produced in a given period. For plastics processes the principal elements are main machine cost, auxiliary equipment cost, tooling cost, building cost, overhead labor cost, maintenance cost, and the cost of capital. 

Investigation Support Personnel—Support personnel may be operations and maintenance employees, first line supervision, and auxiliary staff groups sucb as technicians, engineers, and middle-level management. They can benefit from training on the following topics ... 

Ensure that training modules and training sessions for production, engineering, and support personnel have been developed, conducted, and documented during this stage... 

In this analysis, the cost components considered are equipment, consumables, maintenance, labor, support personnel, and administrative costs. The equipment costs include depreciation, moves and rearrangements, floor space, and training. Consumables consider utilities, chemicals, supplies and waste disposal. Maintenance includes maintenance labor, parts, vendor service contracts, vendor training and software. Labor is the cost of operators. Support personnel costs consist of engineering, supervision and contract labor. Administrative costs include insurance, taxes and interest. 

The Corps of Engineers has historians who generally do a credible job of research. Historians often lack a scientific background and, accordingly, may not fully appreciate some of their findings. For example, at the AUES the historians properly concluded that the site had 1200 chemists and engineers plus 700 support personnel. However, this did not get translated into there must be a dump somewhere. Because there was no mention of a dump in the records, the conclusion was reached that there was no dump. It took the state to order the Corps to find the dump. Actually, it turns out that there are many, and some have already been found. 

First, past experience at other sites indicates a tendency to bury excess munitions. And, as noted, buried chemical weapons munitions have already been found at the Spring Valley site. Second, as the District of Columbia has seen above, the production of chemical warfare agents was very large. The operation had 1200 chemists and engineers and 700 support personnel. If each chemist used only one small bottle of dangerous chemicals a week, that is a lot of material. 

An accident need not involve loss of life, but it does result in some loss that is unacceptable to the stakeholders. System Safety has always considered non-human losses, but for some reason, many other approaches to safety engineering have limited the definition of a loss to human death or injury. As an example of an inclusive definition, a spacecraft accident might include loss of the astronauts (if the spacecraft is manned), death or injury to support personnel or the public, nonaccomplishment of the mission, major equipment damage (such as damage to launch... 

Section 3.6 Synthesis. Includes the approach and methods to transform the fimctional architecmre into a design architecture (hardware, software, and humans to support the system life cycle), to define alternative system concepts, to define physical interfaces, and to select preferred product and process solutions. Describes how requirements are eonverted into detailed design specifications for hardware, software, human engineering, manpower, personnel, safety, training, and interfaces. Approaches and methods for the engineering areas, quahty factors, and engineering specialty areas in Section 3.2 are also defined. In addition, nondevelopmental items and parts control are included. 

Section 3.7 Design Verification. Includes a description of the approach and methods planned to verify that the design architecture, established from synthesis, is both upward and downward traceable to the functional architecture and satisfies the requirements of the validated requirements baseline and supports baseline of configurations and specifications (including the human engineering, manpower, personnel, safety, and training specification). 

Section 3.8.2 System/Cost Effectiveness Analyses. Describes the implementation of system and cost effectiveness analyses to support the development of fife cycle balanced products and processes and to support risk management. Describes the MOEs, how they interrelate, and criteria for the selection of measures of performance (MOPs) to support the evolving definition and verification of the system. Includes description of the overall approach for system/cost-effectiveness analysis as well as manufacturing analysis verification analysis distribution analysis operational analysis hiunan engineering, manpower, personnel, and training analysis usability analysis supportability analysis safety, health hazards, and environmental analysis and life cycle cost analysis. Describes how analytical results will be integrated. 

The concept of safety culture considers the critical importance of management action regarding safety as well as operational, engineering and other support personnel. In this way, it reflects the movement (e.g. in safety occurrence investigation) from so-called operator error to systemic issues in recent years (e g. Reason 1997 Dekker 2006). The concept also does not necessarily have a... 

Ship-design companies range in size from a single individual to companies employing hundreds of naval architects, marine engineers, and support personnel. A team of experts may spend a year or more... 

Principal Operations Engineer (POE) gives system support personnel or help desk the wrong information. 

Cost of admin ist rati VC, engineering, and support personnel. 

There were indications from the events at Three Mile Island that numerous personnel in the control room acted to congest and confuse the reactor operators control room activities. Review of this accident also shows that there existed a lack of reliable technical data and other records on which to base accident recovery decisions. As a result, today licensees are required to establish Technical Support Centers whose staff have access to plant technical information and who are responsible for engineering support of reactor operations during an accident. Personnel in the Technical Support Center must be able both to assist the control room when needed and to diagnose and mitigate an event. Until the Emergency Operations Facility is activated, the Technical Support Center will also perform the functions of the Emergency Operations Facility. The Technical Support Center is located close to the control room inside a protected and shielded area to allow fast access for face-to-face discussions with control room personnel. 

The Technical Support Center is a protected area near the control room that is staffed during an emergency with licensee personnel who provide engineering support of reactor operations. 

Specific areas of weakness in the training programs at SRS were highlighted for completion prior to restart as part.of the Charlotte Criteria, the and WISR evaluations, and DOE internal and external reviews Curricula have been defined for operations personnel. Shift Technical Engineers, components handling personnel, management, maintenance, and other support personnel. 

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