Building cost

Building costs per square meter for the construction of new buildings can readily be obtained from reference books such as Span s Architects and Builders Price Book and Paxton s Building Price Book. Both are updated and issued on an annual basis, with the costs quoted based on the previous year s statistics. 

Fixed costs are those elements of piece cost that are a function of the annual production volume. Fixed costs are called fixed because they typically represent one-time capital investments (buildings, silos, processing machines, etc.) or annual expenses unaffected by the number of products produced (building rent, engineering support, administrative personnel, etc.). Typically, these costs are distributed over the total number of products produced in a given period. For plastics processes the principal elements are main machine cost, auxiliary equipment cost, tooling cost, building cost, overhead labor cost, maintenance cost, and the cost of capital. 

Engineering and News Record Building Cost Engineering News Record... 

NOTE When building specifications and dimensions are known a high speed building cost estimate is recommended especially if buildings are a significant item of cost. If a separate estimate is not possible, evaluate the buildings as follows before selecting the factors. 

A sprinkler system installed in a home that is under construction will cost about 1.5% of the total building cost. The same system, installed after the home is built, is about 4% of the total building cost. How much would a homeowner save by installing a sprinkler system in a 150,000 home while the home is still under... 

Let him [a Londoner] go to one of the larger towns well outside his Home Counties, and he will have it forced in on him that he has no municipal buildings costing well-nigh a million, that he has no ship-canals, that his atmosphere has not half the corrosive properties that it should have to betoken the last word of wealth, of progress, and of commercial energy. 

Unit costs Installation costs Operating costs Building costs Waste disposal costs... 

The Problem A man bought two apartment buildings for 210,000 apiece. If there are a total of ten apartments in the two buildings, and if the apartments in one of the buildings cost 40,000 more than the apartments in the other building, then what did he pay for the apartments in the two buildings ... 

Assume that each apartment in a building costs the same amount. You determine the cost of one apartment in the building by dividing 210,000 by the number of apartments. Let x represent the number of apartments in one of the buildings. Then, since the total number of apartments in the two buildings is 10, you write the number of apartments in that building as 10 -x. Divide 210,000 by x on one side of the equation. On the other side of the equation, divide 210,000 by 10 - x and add 40,000 to the result to show that the first apartments are 40,000 more. 

Once the site is selected, the land purchase must be made. Usually a third party such as a real estate agent is employed to do this work. It is advisable first to secure an option to buy the land so that all of the potential problems can be evaluated or solved before the purchase is made. Other negotiations besides the purchase or lease of the site also need to be negotiated. Zoning, easement, building costs, access roads, taxes, and the like need to be settled before the land is purchased. It is best to keep the identity of the purchaser secret while all this is being handled. Contact between the plant owner and utilities, railroads, pipelines, and the local community need to be finalized in writing before a final purchase. 

Perhaps the simplest option would be to leave the canisters or the tube trailers at the point of delivery. This strategy avoids the need for building costly on-site high-pressure storage, but it may not decrease overall costs because the high-pressure canisters are likely to be expensive and, in this option, are not very efficiently used The delivery fleet needs far more tube trailers and canisters... 

It is assumed that chemical plant process workers will operate the production facilities as they will replace plants traditionally operated by them. Assuming that operators will not be expected to walk more than 200 yards from the control room, the control rooms will have to be spaced 400yards apart that is, one per 33 acres. Over 750 control rooms will be required for a million pounds per year operation. Building costs will therefore be much higher that on a conventional plant, and may well make the new process uneconomic, especially now that control rooms are being made stronger than in the past. 

The purchased-equipment cost for a plant which produces pentaerythritol (solid-fuel-processing plant) is 300,000. The plant is to be an addition to an existing formaldehyde plant. The major part of the building cost will be for indoor construction, and the contractor s fee will be 7 percent of the direct plant cost. All other costs are close to the average values found for typical chemical plants. On the basis of this information, estimate the following ... 

Auxiliary buildings lighting usually included with building cost. Engineering Account... 

Buildings, cost of 174-175, 803-805 Burning for equipment fabrication, 447 Butyl rubber, 435... 

Costs of construction generally include construction materials, labor, and equipment. Construction costs are a subset of the actual total building cost, which includes permanent fixtures and equipment specified by the user. Material cost depends on the market cost of the construction materials and the quality of materials desired. The costs of equipment and labor depend on the market costs and a building productivity rate. A building to be built on a shorter schedule generally has higher costs for labor and equipment. Higher costs are attributable to increased work hours for a specific number of laborers or an increased number of laborers and to the increase in cost for use of equipment or use of more productive equipment. The major drivers in the costs of construction are presumed to be quality of and time for construction. 

If the project has sizable architectural considerations, it is important they be properly estimated. Those dollars per square foot numbers that are so useful early in the project need to be firmed up. For the biotech and dosage pharmaceutical projects of today, it is as important that the building costs be as accurate as the equipment costs. Sometimes an account-by-account evaluation for estimating accuracy is in order to see if sufficient work has been done to assure the validity of the overall estimates accuracy. 

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