Damaged equipment

These materials can damage equipment by means of corrosion, erosion, deposits, plugging, catalyst poisoning, etc. 

Moisture measurements are important in the process industries because moisture can foul products, poison reactions, damage equipment, or cause explosions. Moisture measurements include both absolute-moisture methods and relative-humidity methods. The absolute methods are those that provide a primaiy output that can be directly calibrated in terms of dew-point temperature, molar concentration, or weight concentration. Loss of weight on heating is the most familiar of these methods. The relative-humidity methods are those that provide a primaiy output that can be more direc tly calibrated in terms of percentage of saturation of moisture. 

Locate deflagration vents so discharge from them will not endanger personnel or damage equipment. 

Weld overlays of stainless steel or cobalt-based wear-resistant and hard-facing alloys such as Stellite may salvage damaged equipment. In addition, weld overlays incorporated into susceptible zones of new equipment may provide cost-effective resistance to cavitation damage. 

These control functions prevent abnormal process actions that would jeopardize personnel safety, harm the environment, or damage equipment and/or property. 

Comminution Shredding. A mechanical treatment process which cuts large pieces of waste into smaller pieces so that they won t plug pipes or damage equipment. Contact stabilization Contact stabilization is a modification of the conventional activated sludge process. In contact stabilization, two aeration tanks are used. One tank is for separate reaeration of the return sludge for at least four hours before it is permitted to flow into the other aeration tank to be mixed with the primary effluent requiring treatment. 

Employers also have new responsibilities to inspect and remove defective or damaged PPE. It is important that employees are instructed to report defective or damaged equipment. 

By using a local ventilation system of good design less air is needed to reach a specific contaminant level than is possible with general ventilation. It can also be said that the purpose of local ventilation is to achieve a more efficient (defined in some way) ventilation in a part of a room or in the wdiole room. Local ventilation also can be important from a process standpoint, e.g., removal of heat that might damage equipment. 

Sewers and drains should provide safe and efficient removal of liquids. Tlie drainage system must provide sufficient capacity to prevent any likely flooding from severely damaging equipment. 

The production of dry steam is important because wet steam may damage equipment and machinery, breaking valves and fittings and causing deposits in superheaters and turbines. 

Return all lab equipment to its proper place. Report any broken or damaged equipment. 

Report any accident, injury, incorrect procedure, or damaged equipment immediately to your teacher. 

Pipe racks (Fig. 6-4) are an elevated collection of pipes that transport utilities as well as raw material, product, and waste streams from one part of the plant to another. They may also be used to transfer information to and from control centers. Placing all the pipes together simplifies their construction and, later, the location of problems. Nothing should be located under pipe racks, since if leaks occur they may damage equipment. 

Tales like these are commonplace, and ignorance is no excuse. Don t rely on expert testimony from the person at the next bench. He may be more confused than you are. And equipment that is slightly cracked is much like a person who is slightly dead. There is no in-between. If you are told that you must work with damaged equipment because there is no replacement available, you would do well to get it in writing. 

Consideration should be given to certain interior items. Functional or decorative objects should not be mounted on the interior surface of an exterior wall. Rapid inward movement of the wall may dislodge objects causing injury to people or damage equipment. For the same reason, file cabinets and other furnishings should not be placed closer to the interior surface of a wall than the maximum predicted deflection of the wall. 

Natural. Tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters can damage equipment and connections. 

In a number of industrial operations, there exists the possibility of contacting two different liquids—one hot and relatively nonvolatile and the other cold and more volatile. Should such an event occur, normally the more volatile liquid vaporizes and, thereby, cools the hotter liquid. In certain circumstances, however, the course of events changes dramatically, and vaporization occurs in such a brief period of time as to resemble an explosion. This explosive boiling may initiate shock waves that can damage equipment and injure personnel in the vicinity of the blast. 

If a flammable process spills significant quantities of flammable material, this material may flow to the waste handling area. Waste digestion systems can be shocked into shutdown if large quantities of material are suddenly introduced. Also, a large release may occur and could result in a fire that may damage equipment that cannot be quickly replaced. 

In some major investigations, reconstruction of the damaged equipment may be required to understand the physical relationship between the various items that are recovered. A dedicated area or warehouse space may be required to effectively reconstruct and analyze the physical data. 

---