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Energy balancing

Energy balances are needed whenever temperature changes are important, as caused by reaction heating effects or by cooling and heating for temperature control. For example, such a balance is needed when the heat of reaction causes a change in reactor temperature. This is seen in the information flow diagram for a non-isothermal continuous reactor as shown in Fig. 1.19. [Pg.35]

Energy balances are formulated by following the same set of guidelines as those given in Sec. 1.2.2 for mass balances. Energy balances are however considerably more complex, because of the many processes which cause temperature change in chemical systems. The treatment considered here is somewhat simplified, but is adequate to understand the non-isothermal simulation examples. The various texts cited in the reference section, provide additional advanced reading in this subject. [Pg.36]

Based on the law of conservation of energy, energy balances are a statement of the first law of thermodynamics. The internal energy depends, not only on temperature, but also on the mass of the system and its composition. For that reason, mass balances are almost always a necessary part of energy balancing. [Pg.36]

For an open system with energy exchange across its boundaries, as shown in Fig. 1.20, the energy balance can be written as [Pg.36]

E is the total energy of the system, Ej is the energy per mole of component i, F is the volumetric flow rate, C is the molar concentration and S is the number of components (reactants and inerts). The work term can be separated into flow work and other work Ws, according to [Pg.36]

The work term can be separated into flow work and other work Ws, according to [Pg.23]


The analysis of the heat exchanger network first identifies sources of heat (termed hot streams) and sinks (termed cold streams) from the material and energy balance. Consider first a very simple problem with just one hot stream (heat source) and one cold stream (heat sink). The initial temperature (termed supply temperature), final temperature (termed target temperature), and enthalpy change of both streams are given in Table 6.1. [Pg.160]

In each shifted temperature interval, calculate a simple energy balance from... [Pg.175]

In Fig. 6.33a. heat Qftjel is taken into the boiler from fuel. An overall energy balance gives... [Pg.196]

The energy cost of the process can be set without having to design the heat exchanger network and utility system. These energy targets cam be calculated directly from the material and energy balance. Thus... [Pg.210]

In addition to being able to predict the energy costs of the heat exchanger network and utilities directly from the material and energy balance, it would be useful to be able to calculate the capital cost, if this is possible. The principal components that contribute to the capital cost of the heat exchanger network are... [Pg.213]

Let us take each of these components in turn and explore whether they can be accounted for from the material and energy balance without having to perform heat exchanger network design. [Pg.213]

Having explored the major degrees of freedom, the material and energy balance is now fixed, and hence the hot and cold streams which contribute to the heat exchanger network are firmly defined. The remaining task is to complete the design of the heat exchanger network. [Pg.363]

Cracking reactions are endothermic the energy balance is obtained by the production of coke that deposits on the catalyst and that is burned in the regenerator. [Pg.384]

Anon. (1983), Assessment of the energy balances and economic consequences of the reduction and elimination of lead in gasoline . Working Group ERGA (Evolutions of Regulations, Global Approach). CONCAWE, La Haye. [Pg.453]

Because densification occurs via tire shrinkage of tliennodynamically unstable pores, densification and microstmcture development can be assessed on tire basis of tire dihedral angle, 0, fonned as a result of tire surface energy balance between tire two solid-vapour and one solid-solid interface at tire pore-grain boundary intersection [, 78, 79 and 80],... [Pg.2770]

It should be stressed that although these symmetry considerations may allow one to anticipate barriers on reaction potential energy surfaces, they have nothing to do with the thermodynamic energy differences of such reactions. Symmetry says whether there will be symmetry-imposed barriers above and beyond any thermodynamic energy differences. The enthalpies of formation of reactants and products contain the information about the reaction s overall energy balance. [Pg.191]

For an isothermal system the simultaneous solution of equations 30 and 31, subject to the boundary conditions imposed on the column, provides the expressions for the concentration profiles in both phases. If the system is nonisotherm a1, an energy balance is also required and since, in... [Pg.261]

The selection of a process can be complex, requiring carehil evaluation of the many variables for each appHcation. The hemihydrate process is energy efficient, but this may not be an overriding consideration when energy is readily available from an on-site sulfuric acid plant. The energy balance in the total on-site complex may be the determining factor. [Pg.226]

The conservation of mass gives comparatively Httle useful information until it is combined with the results of the momentum and energy balances. Conservation of Momentum. The general equation for the conservation of momentum is... [Pg.107]

Two approaches to this equation have been employed. (/) The scalar product is formed between the differential vector equation of motion and the vector velocity and the resulting equation is integrated (1). This is the most rigorous approach and for laminar flow yields an expHcit equation for AF in terms of the velocity gradients within the system. (2) The overall energy balance is manipulated by asserting that the local irreversible dissipation of energy is measured by the difference ... [Pg.109]

H. L. MuUer and S. P. Ho, "Economics and Energy Balance of Ethanol as Motor Fuel," paper presented at 1986 SpringAIChE Mational Meeting, New Orleans, La., Apr. 1986. [Pg.98]

An energy balance over a differential length, dx yields... [Pg.485]

Heat Transfer in Rotary Kilns. Heat transfer in rotary kilns occurs by conduction, convection, and radiation. In a highly simplified model, the treatment of radiation can be explained by applying a one-dimensional furnace approximation (19). The gas is assumed to be in plug flow the absorptivity, a, and emissivity, S, of the gas are assumed equal (a = e ) and the presence of water in the soHds is taken into account. Energy balances are performed on both the gas and soHd streams. Parallel or countercurrent kilns can be specified. [Pg.49]

Mass and energy balances are used to evaluate blast furnace performance. Many companies now use sophisticated computeri2ed data acquisition and analysis systems to automatically gather the required data for daily calculation of the mass and heat balances. Typical mass and heat balances are shown in Figure 4 and Table 5, respectively. [Pg.417]

The resulting overall energy balance for the plant at nominal load conditions is shown in Table 3. The primary combustor operates at 760 kPa (7.5 atm) pressure the equivalence ratio is 0.9 the heat loss is about 3.5%. The channel operates in the subsonic mode, in a peak magnetic field of 6 T. AH critical electrical and gas dynamic operating parameters of the channel are within prescribed constraints the magnetic field and electrical loading are tailored to limit the maximum axial electrical field to 2 kV/m, the transverse current density to 0.9 A/cm , and the Hall parameter to 4. The diffuser pressure recovery factor is 0.6. [Pg.424]

Table 3. Overall Energy Balance at 500 MW Nominal Load... Table 3. Overall Energy Balance at 500 MW Nominal Load...
The scientific basis of extractive metallurgy is inorganic physical chemistry, mainly chemical thermodynamics and kinetics (see Thermodynamic properties). Metallurgical engineering reties on basic chemical engineering science, material and energy balances, and heat and mass transport. Metallurgical systems, however, are often complex. Scale-up from the bench to the commercial plant is more difficult than for other chemical processes. [Pg.162]


See other pages where Energy balancing is mentioned: [Pg.159]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.401]    [Pg.402]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.1080]    [Pg.377]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.517]    [Pg.521]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.418]    [Pg.395]    [Pg.64]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.22 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.36 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.26 ]




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A simple energy balance program

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES

Accumulation term energy balance

Adiabatic energy balance

Adiabatic operations energy balance

Adsorption energy balance

An Energy Balance for Deformation and Fracture

Application of the Energy Balance

Atmosphere energy balance

Available energy balances

Available energy money balances

Balance and energy

Balance energy conversion technologies

Balance equation for energy

Balance of Radiation Energy

Balances total energy

Batch reactor, adiabatic operation energy balance

Bilinear Multicomponent and Energy Balances

Bilinear balances energy

Binary distillation material and energy balances

Bioethanol energy balance

Body composition and energy balance

Body weight energy balance

CSTR energy balance

Carbon and energy balances

Carbon:energy-balanced substrate

Case Study — Mass and Energy Balances

Catalyst Bed Energy Balance

Catalysts thermal energy balance

Cell Energy Balance

Checklist material/energy balance

Chemical reactor operating patterns material and energy balances

Climate energy balance

Coal gasification energy balance

Cohesive energy balance

Complex system energy balance

Condensation energy balances

Condenser energy balance

Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances

Continuity energy balance

Continuous stirred tank reactor energy balance

Control energy balance

Conversion energy balance equation

Cost and Energy Balance Comparison

Coupled mass and energy balances

Crystallization mass and energy balances

Deriving the Energy Balance for a PFR

Detailed balance principle, reversible energy

Development of Microscopic Thermal Energy Balance and Its Application

Differential energy balance

Dimensionless Mechanical Energy Balance

Dimensionless mechanical energy balanc

Distillation columns energy balance

Distillation columns energy balance control

Distillation energy balance problem

Dynamic Component and Energy Balances

ENERGY BALANCES FOR THREE-PHASE REACTORS

Elastic energy balance and entropy elasticity

Electrochemical reactor energy balance

Elements of Energy Balance Calculations

Energy Balance Basis

Energy Balance Between Heat In-leaks and Boil-off Rates

Energy Balance Climate Model

Energy Balance Inputs

Energy Balance Method for Orifice Discharge

Energy Balance Models

Energy Balance Models ocean

Energy Balance Module

Energy Balance Procedures

Energy Balance Relations

Energy Balance and Entropy Inequality

Energy Balance and Heat of Reaction

Energy Balance at the Material Surface

Energy Balance for Aluminum Production

Energy Balance for Closed Systems

Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in Plug-Flow Reactors

Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in a CSTR

Energy Balance for the Stationary Flow Process

Energy Balance in Fracture

Energy Balance in Multi-injection Microstructured Reactors

Energy Balance in a CSTR

Energy Balance in a Heat Exchanger

Energy Balance in a PFTR

Energy Balance of Plasma-Chemical NO Synthesis Zeldovich Mechanism Stimulated by Vibrational Excitation

Energy Balance of a Flowing Fluid

Energy Balance of the Continuously Operated Crystallizer

Energy Balance on Batch Reactors

Energy Balance without Reaction

Energy Balance, Bernoulli Equation

Energy Balances With Chemical Reaction

Energy Balances for Steady-State Flow Processes

Energy Balances for Volume Zones—The Radiation Source Term

Energy Balances of Reactors

Energy Balances on Closed Systems

Energy Balances on Open Systems at Steady State

Energy Balances on Reactive Processes

Energy Balances on Single-Phase Nonreactive Processes

Energy balance

Energy balance

Energy balance /equation

Energy balance /equation 664 Subject

Energy balance 3-oxidation

Energy balance CFSTR)

Energy balance and components

Energy balance appetite factors

Energy balance applied

Energy balance approach

Energy balance arcuate nucleus regulation

Energy balance around jacket

Energy balance around reactor

Energy balance atmospheric

Energy balance body weight reduction

Energy balance closed systems

Energy balance concentration profile

Energy balance control columns

Energy balance defined

Energy balance derivation

Energy balance dimension model

Energy balance drier

Energy balance electrochemical process

Energy balance equation (first law

Energy balance equation, incompressible fluid

Energy balance equation, steady-state

Energy balance equation, steady-state conversion

Energy balance equations equation

Energy balance expressions

Energy balance expressions CSTRs

Energy balance expressions batch reactors

Energy balance expressions dimensionless

Energy balance feed/product heat exchanger

Energy balance fermentations

Energy balance fermenter

Energy balance for a batch reactor

Energy balance for a closed system

Energy balance general

Energy balance glycolysis

Energy balance history

Energy balance hypothalamic control

Energy balance in fluid flow

Energy balance in fluid flow mechanical

Energy balance in fluid flow units, example

Energy balance intake

Energy balance material

Energy balance mechanisms

Energy balance method

Energy balance multiple reactions

Energy balance of CO2 dissociation

Energy balance of the mixture

Energy balance on process equipment

Energy balance optimization

Energy balance plug flow reactor

Energy balance porous catalyst

Energy balance potential expression

Energy balance secondary reactions

Energy balance semi-batch reactor

Energy balance semibatch

Energy balance steady-flow systems

Energy balance surface

Energy balance techniques

Energy balance theory

Energy balance transient

Energy balance transition time

Energy balance whole body

Energy balance, batch reactor

Energy balance, batch reactor general

Energy balance, batch reactor steady-state

Energy balance, isothermal

Energy balance, mechanical total

Energy balance, stirred tank reactor

Energy balance, thermodynamic gain

Energy balances CSTRs

Energy balances Enzyme catalysis

Energy balances and economics

Energy balances calculations

Energy balances cracking

Energy balances design

Energy balances enhancement factors

Energy balances enthalpy

Energy balances equilibrium temperature

Energy balances for WWTPs

Energy balances for a CSTR

Energy balances for a flow reactor

Energy balances for a packed bed

Energy balances fundamentals

Energy balances heat exchanger

Energy balances multicomponent distillation

Energy balances over reactors

Energy balances overall

Energy balances overview

Energy balances parallel reactions

Energy balances properties

Energy balances pyrolysis process

Energy balances reactor design

Energy balances sequential solution

Energy balances sign convention

Energy balances simultaneous solution

Energy balances steady state

Energy balances tubular reactors

Energy balances unsteady state

Energy balances unsteady-state operation

Energy balances velocities

Energy balances with cooling coils

Energy balances with heat effects

Energy balances with heat exchange

Energy balances with heat exchangers

Energy balances with variable

Energy balances with variable properties

Energy balances work term

Energy balancing theory

Energy budget/balance

Energy entropy balance

Energy rate balance

Energy,balance for an open system

Enthalpy term, energy balance equation

Equations for mass and energy balance

Ethanol energy balance

Expansion mechanical energy balance

Flash distillation energy balance

Flow compressor process, energy balance

Flow term energy balance

Fracture energy balance approach

Fracture mechanics energy balance

Fracture mechanics energy balance approach

Free energy balance

Frenkel energy balance concept

Gas Phase Energy Balance

General Considerations Material and Energy Balances

General Considerations Material, Energy and Momentum Balances

Generalized Macroscopic Energy Balance

Global energy balances

Governing equations of mass and energy balance

Griffith Energy Balance Concept

Heat energy balance

Heat term energy balance

Human body energy balance

Incompressible fluid, energy balance

Indicators, energy balance

Indicators, energy balance definition

Integral balance energy

Interfaces interfacial energy balances

Interfacial Energy Balances

Kinetic energy balance and dissipation

Kinetic-Energy Balance Condition

Laminar flow, mechanical energy balanc

Laminar fluid flow, energy balance

Macroscopic Energy Balance for Batch Reactors

Macroscopic Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances

Macroscopic balances energy

Mass and Energy Balances for Open Systems

Mass balances (and energy

Mass loss rates energy balance

Mass momentum and energy balance equation

Mass-energy balance

Material and Energy Balance Control

Material and Energy Balance Relations

Material and Energy Balance in Open Systems Under Steady-State Conditions

Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries

Material and energy balances distillation

Mathematical Models Based on Energy Balance

Mathematical models energy balance

Mechanical Energy Balance for Laminar Flow

Mechanical Energy Balance for Turbulent Flow

Mechanical energy balance

Mechanical energy balance equation

Membrane modules energy balance

Membranes energy balances

Methanol plant, energy balance

Microscopic mechanical energy balance

Microstructured energy balance

Mixing energy balance

Modeling energy balance

Negative energy balance

Non-adiabatic energy balance

Numerical methods energy balance method

Nutrition energy balance

One-Temperature Approach to Vibrational Kinetics and Energy Balance of CO2 Dissociation in Non-Equilibrium Plasma Major Equations

Open systems energy balances

Open-System Energy Balances on Process Equipment

Overview of Energy Balances

Pipe flow energy balance

Plane walls energy balance

Positive energy balance

Preparation of Mass and Energy Balances

Pressurized water reactors energy balance

Principles of Energy and Material Balances

Process Analysis - The Importance of Mass and Energy Balances

Radiation energy balance

Reaction heat term energy balance

Reactor Mass and Energy Balances

Reactor energy balance

Recycling energy balance

Reversible Processes and the Mechanical Energy Balance

SOLVING MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES VIA COMPUTER CODES

Semibatch reactor energy balance

Shell energy balances

Simplified energy balance

Simultaneous mass and energy balances

Single-Phase Fluid Flow Energy Balance

Single-Stage Mass and Energy Balances

Solid energy balance, cross-flow

Solving Material and Energy Balances Using Flowsheeting Codes

Spreadsheets energy balance calculations

Steady energy balance

Steady-state nonisothermal energy balance

Steady-state nonisothermal reactors energy balance

Stirred tank energy balance

Strain energy balance

Strategies to balance energy security with non-proliferation assurances

Substrate cycling, energy balance

Surfaces interfacial energy balances

Temperature transient energy balances

Terms in the Energy Balance

The Energy Balance

The Energy Balance Equation

The Energy Balance as Applied to Chemical Reactors

The Energy Balance for Chemical Reactors

The Energy Balance for a Steady, Incompressible Flow

The General Energy Balance

The General Energy Balance Equation

The Unsteady-State Energy Balance

The energy balance of crack propagation

Thermal Effects and Energy Balances

Thermal energy balance

Thermal energy balance batch reactor

Thermal energy balance differential reactor

Thermal energy balance steady state conduction

Thermodynamics energy balance

Total energy balance, closed system

Tubular energy balancing

Turbulent mechanical energy balance

Two-Phase Fluid Flow Energy Balance

Two-dimensional Model of PBMR - The Energy-balance Equation

UNSTEADY-STATE MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES

Unsteady Energy Balance

Use of the Energy Balance in Reactor Sizing and Analysis

Viscous dissipation, mechanical energy balance

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