Membrane modules energy balance

In pathologic conditions, such as FAO disorders or organic acidemias due to acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies, the functions of carnitine as a regulator of substrate flux and energy balance across cell membranes and as a modulator of intracellular concentrations of free CoA become crucial. In such conditions, acyl-CoAs accumulate within the mitochondrial matrix and carnitine is utilized to shuttle these compounds out of the mitochondria as acylcarnitines, providing for free CoA at the same time. 

The membrane module is solved by discretizing the membrane area into 100 cells of equal area, and each cell model is given by Equations (10.1) and (10.2). The final set of mass and energy balances for cell k (Figure 10.3) of the membrane unit are as shown in Equations (10.3)-(10.7) ... 

Performance analysis of a PRO system can be carried out by solving the salt and water mass balance and the energy balance for every component included in the plant. A detailed characterization of the membrane module is crucial for an accurate prediction of the plant performance. An adequate discretization is therefore required [6-10] since local flux is substantially affected by local conditions and local polarization phenomena. 

Polymeric membrane elements and modules which consist of elements come in different sh4>es. The shape strongly determines the packing density of the element or module which is indicative of the available membrane filtration area per unit volume of the element or module the packing density, in turn, can affect the capital and operating costs of the membranes. The packing density is often balanced by other factors such as ease and cost of maintenance and replacement, energy requirements, etc. Most of the polymeric membranes are fabricated into the following forms tube, tubes-in-shell, plate-and-frame, hollow-fiber, and spiral-wound. 

To describe the module performance mass, energy and momentum balances have to be solved. The mass balance is determined for each component in the gas mixture. The balances calculated for the feed and permeate side are coupled using a mass transfer equation which depends on the operating conditions as well as on membrane characteristics. Assuming Henry sorption, non-coupling of permeate fluxes and equality of the chemical potential at the surface of the active membrane layer a simplified mass transfer equation can be used ... 

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