The Energy Balance as Applied to Chemical Reactors

The principle that energy must be couserved has been expressed by innumerable textbook authors iu a number of mathematical forms, depending on the particular orienta-tiou and interests of the person concerned. One form that 

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design, Second Edition. Charles G. Hill, Jr. and Thatcher W. Root. 2014 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Recall that the term shaft work refers to mechanical forms of energy that are interchanged between the system and the surroundings by means of a shaft that protrudes from the equipment and either rotates or reciprocates. A shaft work interaction can take place only at those portions of the system boundary that are impermeable to the flow of matter. For further discussion of general forms of the energy balance equation as applied to chemical engineering systems, consult the textbooks by Reynolds (1), Smith and Van Ness (2), Tester and Modell (3), and Sandler (4). 

Equation (10.1.1) represents a very general formulation of the first law of thermodynamics, which can readily be reduced to a variety of simple forms for specific applications under either steady-state or transient operating conditions. For steady-state applications the time derivative of the system energy is zero. This condition is that of greatest interest in the design of continuous flow reactors. Thus, at steady state. 

For most circumstances of interest in the design of chemical reactors, the kinetic and potential energy effects 

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