Energy simple

Carrier-mediated passage of a molecular entity across a membrane (or other barrier). Facilitated transport follows saturation kinetics ie, the rate of transport at elevated concentrations of the transportable substrate reaches a maximum that reflects the concentration of carriers/transporters. In this respect, the kinetics resemble the Michaelis-Menten behavior of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Facilitated diffusion systems are often stereo-specific, and they are subject to competitive inhibition. Facilitated transport systems are also distinguished from active transport systems which work against a concentration barrier and require a source of free energy. Simple diffusion often occurs in parallel to facilitated diffusion, and one must correct facilitated transport for the basal rate. This is usually evident when a plot of transport rate versus substrate concentration reaches a limiting nonzero rate at saturating substrate While the term passive transport has been used synonymously with facilitated transport, others have suggested that this term may be confused with or mistaken for simple diffusion. See Membrane Transport Kinetics... 

Userul energy + simple precursors--------------> complex molecules... 

Estimation of the entropy of solvation requires calculation of the entropy of the ion in the gas phase. For a monoatomic ion, the main contribution to the entropy comes from its translational energy. Simple ions formed from the main group elements have the electronic structure of an inert gas and therefore do not have an electronic contribution to the entropy. On the other hand, ions formed from transition metals may have an electronic contribution to the gas phase entropy, which depends on the electronic configuration of the ion s ground state and of any other electronic states which are close in energy to the ground state. The translational entropy is given by the Sackur-Tetrode equation, which is obtained from the solution of the SWE for a particle in a box (see section 2.2)... 

Reactions that require free energy Simple convert ATP to ADP... 

Binding energy, simple metals, 355. See also Cohesive energy... 

Pd) and the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Simple alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, buta-nediol, pentanediol, glycol and glycerol (GL) are used. Among them methanol and ethanol are popular. The catalyst used for electrooxidation are Pd-PEDOT [204] for C3-Aliphatic Alcohols, Pt-Pd-Au nano-catalyst [192] for ethanol oxidation, Pt and Pt-Ru dispersed in graphene-multiwalled CNT nanocomposites [188] for methanol oxidation. 

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