Energy balance arcuate nucleus regulation

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent appetite stimulant expressed by neurones of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that project to important appetite-regulating nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). It also inhibits thermogenesis. Repeated administration rapidly induces obesity. The ARC NPY neurones act homeostatically to correct negative energy balance. They are stimulated by starvation, probably mediated by falls in circulating leptin and insulin (which both inhibit these neurones),... 

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