Material and Energy Balance in Open Systems Under Steady-State Conditions

3 Material and Energy Balance in Open Systems Under Steady-State Conditions 

In this section, we carry out a general and conceptual analysis of systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings in the absence of chemical reactions. We present, conceptually, the general material balance as well as the overall energy balance for open systems under steady-state 

Material balance, conceptually (quantitative calculations are considered in Chap. 7) 

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) was a scientist who proposed that matter is neither created nor destroyed but conserved. The law of conservation of matter postulates that the amount of material before and after a process is strictly the same. What the law of conservation of matter implies is that, beyond transformations, matter is always constant. In other words, atoms react with each other as substances, but atoms are neither created nor destroyed. 

General material balance in open systems for a specified system (Fig. 6.11)  

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