Strain energy balance

The system of equations 18-20 are redundant to the extent that a macroscopic energy balance provides a self-consistency check. For example, suppose that uniaxial tension in the z direction is being considered and that eqs. 18-20 have been evaluated (by procedures to be developed later) and result in sets of numbers F a, and. A macroscopic strain energy balance requJris that doc... 

The Dunlop tripsometer is an unusual design of pendulum consisting of a 42 cm diameter steel disc mounted on bearings and with an out of balance mass in the form of a bracket carrying the 4 mm diameter indentor attached to its periphery. It operates at considerably higher strain energy density than the ISO method but is claimed to have high accuracy and can be used with a relatively small test piece. Compared to the Lupke pendulum, it is also a very compact apparatus. 

Griffith used an energy balance approach to predict the crack propagation conditions (see Williams, 1984). The driving force is the elastically stored energy in the notched samples, which can be used to create new surfaces. A parameter Gc, the critical elastic strain energy release rate [GIc in mode I], can be determined and expressed in J m-2. 

The heat equation (Eq. 29) is coupled to the equations governing the mechanical response through the temperature dependence of the bulk viscoplastic strain rate (Eq. 3), the craze thickening rate (Eq. 22), and the thermal expansion in Eq. 1. The system of differential equations resulting from the finite element discretization of the energy balance in [9] is modified [57] to... 

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