Reaction between

The enthalpy changes due to dimerization are determined from the van t Hoff relation. For a dimerization reaction between species i and j... 

An example of mixed parallel and series reactions is the production of ethanolamines by reaction between ethylene oxide and ammonia ... 

Example 2.5 tert-Butyl hydrogen sulfate is required as an intermediate in a reaction sequence. This can be produced by the reaction between isobutylene and moderately concentrated sulfuric acid ... 

Figure 14.8a shows a simplified flowsheet for the manufacture of acetic anhydride as presented by Jeffries. Acetone feed is cracked in a furnace to ketene and the byproduct methane. The methane is used as furnace fuel. A second reactor forms acetic anhydride by the reaction between ketene from the first reaction and acetic acid. 

On acetylation it gives acetanilide. Nitrated with some decomposition to a mixture of 2-and 4-nitroanilines. It is basic and gives water-soluble salts with mineral acids. Heating aniline sulphate at 190 C gives sulphanilic add. When heated with alkyl chlorides or aliphatic alcohols mono- and di-alkyl derivatives are obtained, e.g. dimethylaniline. Treatment with trichloroethylene gives phenylglycine. With glycerol and sulphuric acid (Skraup s reaction) quinoline is obtained, while quinaldine can be prepared by the reaction between aniline, paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid. 

HOCH2C = CCH2OH. White solid, m.p. 58 C, b.p. 238- C prepared by the high pressure reaction between ethyne and methanol and also from BrMgCCMgBr and methanal. Used in electroplating (Ni), as a corrosion inhibitor, and in paint and varnish removal. 

The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine is probably also of this type and many organic free radical reactions (e.g. the decomposition of ethanal) proceed via chain mechanisms. 

Henry s law The mass of gas which is dissolved by a given volume of a liquid at constant temperature is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. The law is only obeyed provided there is no chemical reaction between the gas and the liquid. 

Alternatively a reaction between a species with a pair of electrons and a species with a vacant orbital to form a covalent bond, heteronuclear molecule See homonuclear molecule. 

C-jHg. A slightly coloured liquid, b.p. 90 C, obtained by a Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopcntadiene and ethyne at approximately 150°C. At temperatures in excess of 450°C it rearranges to cycloheptatriene (tropilidene). 

Perkin reaction A condensation between aromatic aldehydes and the sodium salts of fatty acids or their aromatic derivatives. The reaction between benzaldehyde and sodium ethanoate in the presence of ethanoic anhydride leads to sodium cinnamate... 

The reaction between the aluminium nuclei and the a-particles is expressed by the equation... 

Wittig reaction The reaction between an alkyl-idene phosphorane, C = PR3 and an... 

In the case of mixtures of gases of different molecular size, an adsorbent of D > 2 will effect some segregation by size. This segregation will also affect the probability of bimolecular reactions between molecules of different sizes [168]. 

Traditionally one categorizes matter by phases such as gases, liquids and solids. Chemistry is usually concerned with matter m the gas and liquid phases, whereas physics is concerned with the solid phase. However, this distinction is not well defined often chemists are concerned with the solid state and reactions between solid-state phases, and physicists often study atoms and molecular systems in the gas phase. The tenn condensed phases usually encompasses both the liquid state and the solid state, but not the gas state. In this section, the emphasis will be placed on the solid state with a brief discussion of liquids. 

Diflfiision-controlled reactions between ions in solution are strongly influenced by the Coulomb interaction accelerating or retarding ion diffiision. In this case, die dififiision equation for p concerning motion of one reactant about the other stationary reactant, the Debye-Smoluchowski equation. 

---