Databases manufacturing

Failure rates obtained from industry databases, manufacturer FMEDA analysis, manufacturer field failure studies, company failure records or other sources can be compared. The results will be different as described above. 

Improved product quality and consistency It is a big focus for many manufacturers, especially in specialty polymers where there can be high variance in production lots. Even within a company, different plants can produce the same product with very different end properties which then creates negative feedback from customers. Using feedback control, predictive models, and historical databases, manufacturers will be able to share reaction data between their plants and will be able to build correlations to polymer properties based on process and ACOMP data, thereby creating the most efficient process to manufacture a uniform product. 

The basic information flow for the CAS document database manufacturing system is illustrated in Figure 23. 

According to an elegant remark by Davies [5], "Modem scientific data handling is multitechnique, multisystem, and manufacturer-independent, with results being processed remotely from the measuring apparatus. Indeed, data exchange and storage are steps of the utmost importance in the data acquisition pathway. The simplest way to store data is to define some special format (i.e., collection of rules) of a flat file. Naturally, one cannot overestimate the importance of databases, which are the subject of Chapter 5 in this book. Below we discuss three simple, yet efficient, data formats. 

Reliability. There has been a significant rise in interest among pump users in the 1990s to improve equipment reflabiUty and increase mean time between failures. Quantifiable solutions to such problems are being sought (61). Statistical databases (qv) have grown, improved by continuous contributions of both pump manufacturers and users. Users have also learned to compile and interpret these data. Moreover, sophisticated instmmentation has become available. Examples are vibration analysis and pump diagnostics. 

Chemically related database searches can be used to estabhsh concepts and patentable ideas. For instance, searches have identified researchers using particular monomers in a potentially patentable latex formulation found precedents for a polymeric emulsifier summarized pubHcations of people being considered as consultants, expert witnesses, employees or speakers to an industrial group and provided market description information for a new pigment manufacturing firm to identify target markets. 

To allow flexibility, the database manager must also perform point addition or deletion. However, the abihty to create a point type or to add or delete attributes of a point type is not normally required because, unlike other data processing systems, a process control system normally involves a fixed number of point types and related attributes. For example, analog and binary input and output types are required for process I/O points. Related attributes for these point types include tag names, values, and hardware addresses. Different system manufacturers may define different point types using different data structures. We will discuss other commonly used point types and attributes as they appear. 

The historical data is sampled at user-specified intervals. A typical process plant contains a large number of data points, but it is not feasible to store data for all points at all times. The user determines if a data point should be included in the list of archive points. Most systems provide archive-point menu displays. The operators are able to add or delete data points to the archive point hsts. The samphng periods are normally some multiples of their base scan frequencies. However, some systems allow historical data samphng of arbitraiy intei vals. This is necessaiy when intermediate virtual data points that do not have the scan frequency attribute are involved. The archive point lists are continuously scanned bv the historical database software. On-line databases are polled for data. The times of data retrieval are recorded with the data ootained. To consei ve storage space, different data compression techniques are employed by various manufacturers. 

Now you can reconsider the material balance equations by adding those additional factors identified in the previous step. If necessary, estimates of unaccountable losses will have to be calculated. Note that, in the case of a relatively simple manufacturing plant, preparation of a preliminary material-balance system and its refinement (Steps 14 and 15) can usefully be combined. For more-complex P2 assessments, however, two separate steps are likely to be more appropriate. An important rule to remember is that the inputs should ideally equal the outputs - but in practice this will rarely be the case. Some judgment will be required to determine what level of accuracy is acceptable, and we should have an idea as to what the unlikely sources of errors are (e.g., evaporative losses from outside holding ponds may be a materials loss we cannot accurately account for). In the case of high concentrations of hazardous wastes, accurate measurements are needed to develop cost-effective waste-reduction options. It is possible that the material balance for a number of unit operations will need to be repeated. Again, continue to review, refine, and, where necessary, expand your database. The compilation of accurate and comprehensive data is essential for a successful P2 audit and subsequent waste-reduction action plan. Remember - you can t reduce what you don t know is therel... 

Primarily recordkeeping system for individual facilities. Includes information on chemicals and manufacturers and records of accidents and training. Chris Plus adds capability of storing and printing MSDS information and assists with the preparation of Tier I and Tier II reports and right-to-know requests. Doth systems contain database of 600 toxic substances and synonyms. 

DoD. system that stores MSDS information, quantity and manufacturer, and National Stock numbers. On-line Database and microfiche, (. osi S30 - 540 per hour. 

User created chemical information database. Includes trade name, manufacturer, ingredients, CAS Number, and plant location. Requires 256K memory. 

CAM describes a system that can take a CAD product, devise its essential production steps, and electronically communicate this information to manufacturing equipment such as robots. The CAD/CAM system has offered many advantages over past traditional manufacturing systems, including the need for less design effort through the use of CAD and CAD databases, more efficient material use, reduced lead time, greater accuracy, and improved inventory functions. 

In order to meet the rising demand for information thousands of databases are available worldwide. Nearly all supply technical literature, economic information, patent references, and manufacturers addresses. Materials databases with numerical values are a relatively small part of these programs. Because the majority of these databases are from individual manufacturers of plastics, there is only limited comprehensive, neutral information on most materials in these software programs. 

Plastics Institute) established the materials database called Polymat. This program brings greater availability into a plastics market in which a general perspective is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. This database contains information on plastics and elastomers, supplying about thirty to fifty properties for each material. Initially some six thousand plastics, from about seventy manufacturers, were stored. 

The concept of the Polymat database was based on the following criteria (1) the data-base is neutral, independent of raw-material manufacturers (2) anyone can use the database (3) all the products on. the European market should, if possible, be included (4) since testing is carried out in accordance with a variety of different international standards, the relevant standard, as well as the testing conditions, is registered (5) during the search, all properties should be capable of being linked with one another as desired and (6) the sources used for the database are the technical data sheets and additional information supplied by raw-material manufacturers, and various lectures, publications, and measured data from different institutes. 

Each plastic in this database is first characterized by descriptive data such as its trade name, manufacturer, product group, form of supply, or additives. Then follows complex technical information on each material, with details of fields of application, recommended processing techniques, and special features. The central element of this material database is the numerical values it gives on a wide range of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and other properties. All these items can... 

A number of material suppliers offer information on their products on electronic devices (floppy discs, CDs, etc.) for use on personal computers. An important one, called Campus, is a database concept started by four German material manufacturers who use a uniform software. This database, initially developed jointly by BASF, Bayer, Hoechst, and Hulls, provided for other manufacturers to join. The present consortium has more than 50 materials suppliers worldwide. It is given in the form of diskettes in German, English, French, Italian, or Spanish. Each diskette contains the uniform test and evaluation program and the range of the respective material producers. It runs on IBM-compatible personal computers under the MS-DOS operating system. 

In order to understand the possibilities of these two databases, a comparison can be made of a central database like Polymat and Campus. The Polymat central database provides the following (1) all the products of the various firms represented are included (2) the search is independent of the manufacturers and can be performed for all the products of all the manufacturers (3) available are not only the values contained in the list of basic values but other data specified in such standards as DIN, ASTM, and BS (although a search can nevertheless be confined to products whose data conform to the list of basic values) (4) the information is presented only once and is then maintained centrally and (5) a selection can be made between a greater number of materials and manufacturers. 

The manufacturers database, Campus, provides use that is free of charge and no charges for data transmission. The actual value of the table of basic values described in Campus lies in its effect on the standardization and streamlining of testing. In the long term, the nonparticipants in the material market will not be able to remain outside this development. 

POLYMAT light POLYMAT light Materials Data for Plastics is a manufacturer independent, materials database for plastics and contains properties of thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and blends. In total, data from approximately 13,000 commercial products of 170 manufacturers are available products and data can be retrieved via searching in 35 different numerical properties and 15 text fields. 

Search MSDS on CCINFOWeb. All databases on CCINFOWeb may be searched for free. The MSDSs are contributed by North American sources, many that are multi-national companies marketing chemical products worldwide. This database meets a growing international requirement for health and safety information on specific chemical products. It helps thousands of users worldwide manage their responsibilities under workplace, environmental and other right-to-know legislation. The MSDS database can be searched quickly and easily for product names and other product identifications, manufacturer or supplier names, dates of MSDSs, or any term used in the text of the MSDS itself. 

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