Raw materials for manufacture

Paraxylene is used to make terephthalic acid, the raw material for manufacturing polyester fibers, such as Dacron, Kodel, Fortrel and Terylene. 

Cellulosic raw materials. The best raw material for manufacturing dynamite nitrocotton is unbleached or very slightly bleached long-fibre cotton. Usually cotton wastes from spinning mills are used. The raw material is purified as described earlier (p. 363). 

Cellulosic raw materials. Linters or wood pulp cellulose are in use as raw material for manufacturing lacquer nitrocellulose. It is essential to use very well purified and bleached raw material. Wood cellulose should contain mainly a-cellulose. The admissible pentosan content is limited to traces only, because these compounds are a source of products insoluble in organic solvents. Cellophane can also be utilized for nitration. 

Long ago, such widely occurring and readily available carbohydrates as glucose, lactose, galactose, and saccharose attracted the attention of chemists, who examined these substances to find out whether they were suitable raw materials for manufacturing explosives, in the form of nitric esters. 

In 1993, the European Union (EU) began reforming its Common Agricultural Policy, which resulted in a decline in their floor price for wheat. The EU also set the floor price of com at a level higher than that of wheat, and put a production quota on potato starch, thereby making wheat the most profitable raw material for manufacturing starch. As a result, EU manufacturers embarked on an expansion of wheat starch... 

The quality tests are of greater value in evaluation of fibrous raw materials for manufacture of cellulose derivatives. The tests do, in a general way, serve to show the presence of grossly hydrolyzed, over oxidized, or otherwise seriously degraded materials. Products of such poor quality, however, are not normally to be expected from modem manufacturing practices the resulting deficiency in the necessary strength properties would preclude use in most paper products. 

Product development and improvement has a crucial role to play in the further development of the biodegradable polymers market. These include development of more reliable and lower cost raw materials for manufacture of biodegradable polymers, improvement in performance properties vis-a-vis standard thermoplastics, improvement in processing performance and development of new polymers and blends. 

Nvyro was established to produce cassava (tapioca) starch based packaging solutions. Tapioca is one of the cheapest sources of raw materials for manufacture of starch based biodegradable polymers. 

Through the investigation of different carbonylation raw materials for manufacture of acetic anhydride, carbonylation of methyl acetate (eq. (15)) was found to be the method of choice. 

The freeze-dried powder, expensive for most consumers at about 27 per pound, is nevertheless popular for manufacturing uses in smoothies, granola bars, cereals, and chocolate and as a flavor-color additive for beverages. Some American processors retain the pasteurized berry pulp as a frozen puree, which is useful in manufacturing sorbet, ice cream, gelato, jam, and yogurt products. Juice and oils are extracted from the puree raw material for manufacturing needs. 

As in the case of pure p-cresol, a number of important organic chemicals are now S3mthesized from m-cresol. For instance, synthetic pyrethroids from m-phenoxy benzalde-hyde obtained from m-cresol are already produced by Sumitomo Chemical Co. of Japan. Similarly 2,3,6-trimethyl phenol (TMP), a vital raw material for manufacture of synthetic Vitamin-E, the fastest growing vitamin, is now made from m-cresol by a number of companies. Slowly, but steadily, m-cresol network is expanding. 

The raw materials for manufacturing rubber lining compounds are grouped as ... 

Utilisation of lignin in PU is limited. Lignin used as raw material for manufacture of PU represents a superior utilisation of a waste, because lignin is a waste product of the wood and cellulose industry. Lignin has the advantage of low cost, aromaticity and of course is a renewable resource, but its disadvantages are it is a nonreproducible raw material, with impurities, very dark in colour, with tendency to sinterisation. 

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