Materials databases

This chapter has only scratched the surface of the multitude of databases and data reviews that are now available. For instance, more than 100 materials databases of many kinds are listed by Wawrousek et al. (1989), in an article published by one of the major repositories of such databases. More and more of them are accessible via the internet. The most comprehensive recent overview of Electronic access to factual materials information the state of the art is by Westbrook et al. (1995), This highly informative essay includes a taxonomy of materials information , focusing on the many different property considerations and property types which an investigator can be concerned with. Special attention is paid to mechanical properties. The authors focus also on the quality and relutbility of data, quality of source, reproducibility, evaluation status, etc., all come into this, and alarmingly. 

In order to meet the rising demand for information thousands of databases are available worldwide. Nearly all supply technical literature, economic information, patent references, and manufacturers addresses. Materials databases with numerical values are a relatively small part of these programs. Because the majority of these databases are from individual manufacturers of plastics, there is only limited comprehensive, neutral information on most materials in these software programs. 

Plastics Institute) established the materials database called Polymat. This program brings greater availability into a plastics market in which a general perspective is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. This database contains information on plastics and elastomers, supplying about thirty to fifty properties for each material. Initially some six thousand plastics, from about seventy manufacturers, were stored. 

Each plastic in this database is first characterized by descriptive data such as its trade name, manufacturer, product group, form of supply, or additives. Then follows complex technical information on each material, with details of fields of application, recommended processing techniques, and special features. The central element of this material database is the numerical values it gives on a wide range of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and other properties. All these items can... 

With regard to the common European market, the European Economic Community (EEC) has undertaken numerous activities concerned with materials and material information systems. In one demonstration program for material databases eleven such databases from various countries in the EEC are being cooperatively developed with joint standards for terminology, data presentation, database access, and the user interface of search commands, aids, and menus. For the materials class of plastics, Polymat was selected to participate in this cooperative work. Interesting developments occur from which the users of central material databases in the entire EEC area can benefit. 

POLYMAT light POLYMAT light Materials Data for Plastics is a manufacturer independent, materials database for plastics and contains properties of thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and blends. In total, data from approximately 13,000 commercial products of 170 manufacturers are available products and data can be retrieved via searching in 35 different numerical properties and 15 text fields. 

The function of the database can be further enhanced by the inclusion of links to actual material data for the component. Using such existing material database tools as MCBase, the user can quickly look-up the material properties of a component with the simple click of a button. 

Polymer and coating chemists use computer models to predict the properties of formulated products from the characteristics of the raw materials and processing conditions (1, 2). Usually, the chemist supplies the identification and amounts of the materials. The software retrieves raw material property data needed for the modelling calculations from a raw material database. However, the chemist often works with groups of materials that are used as a unit. For instance, intermediates used in multiple products or premixes are themselves formulated products, not raw materials in the sense of being purchased or basic chemical species. Also, some ingredients are often used in constant ratio. In these cases, experimentation and calculation are simplified if the chemist can refer to these sets of materials as a unit, even though the unit may not be part of the raw material database. 

The key is being able to calculate and return the same type of data for a formula as is normally retrieved from a raw material database. A simple example is material cost knowing the cost and concentration of each raw material in a formula, the material cost of the formula is easily calculated. 

Recursion is not necessary in a formula modelling system if the only material inputs have the necessary characteristics available in a raw material database. The flow chart in Figure 2 shows how the retrieval process occurs in this case. Compare this with the flow chart in Figure 1. 

Retrieved from raw material database No. Values for rows containing true raw materials retrieved from database. (Row solids(i), Raw cost(i))... 

Ides operates the Prospector materials database with a search facility covering 38,000 plastic products from 400 global manufacturers (www.ides.com). Among the durability properties listed are creep and fatigue. 

DATABASES (thermodynamic and diffusion). The calculations require a database for the material systems of interest. For the commercially important materials, databases have been developed by teams of experts critically assessing all experimental phase equilibria and thermodynamic data and, for the complex systems relevant for applications, by extrapolating from binary, ternary and quaternary subsystems. 

Find the unit cell of layer material in the fully relaxed (i.e. bulk) condition from materials databases. For alloys of more than one material, Vegard s law is applied to the lattice parameters, Poisson ratios and stmcture factors. Find the susceptibility of the layers (the extremely small change in susceptibility when a layer is strained may be ignored). 

Japanese material database directory inaba.nims. go.jp/netnavi/link F083l.htm... 

IDEMAT, Environmental Materials Database WWW. io. tudelft. nl/research/dfs/index. html... 

The principle of integral process development [26] covers much more than just the optimization of a process. This approach begins with computer-aided decision procedures in the conception phase. Tools are available in which the process structure is suggested, for example should the process be a batch or a continuous operation The software tool for process synthesis PROSYN uses databases which include knowledge of experts, material data and calculation models for unit operations. Interfaces to process simulation tools such as ASPENPLUS and material databases are also supplied. PROSYN also delivers an economic evaluation of the future production process. 

Eiichi Nakata, Materials Database Metals and Alloys, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Tokyo, 1989. 

Charles P. Sturrock and Edwin F. Begley, Computerization and Networking of Materials Databases Fourth Volume, Papers presented at the Fourth International Symposium on the Computerization and Use of Materials Property Data held in Gaithersburg, Maryland, 6-8 October 1993, in ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., STP 1257, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1995. 

Overview of corrosive environments A number of important papers, data and software on corrosion and materials NIST materials databases... 

Traces are identified by determining their chemical composition and certain physicochemical properties, and comparison with reference material (database) or comparative material collected from the suspect. Criminalistic laboratories create extensive databases on the physical features and production of glass, paints, papers, fabrics and other materials, as well as collecting thousands of samples for comparison purposes. 

The R D activities are and will be performed under several work packages, such as a basic chemistry, an evaluation of alternatives, a process development, an equipment development, a material database, a catalyst development and database, and a hydrogen process coupling technology. 

Flowsheet Editor Process Data Warehouse Material Database... 

The Functionally Graded Material Database in the Narrow Sense of the Term... 

A series of five motor oil samples, four from the Institute of Materials database (samples EO-7450, EO-7459, EO-7538, and EO-7551) and one of a typical GF-3 motor oil supplied by Chevron Oronite Co., L.L.C (Sample RO-780) was subjected to the Selby-Noack test. The first four engine oils were chosen from the database because of similar volatilities but dissimilar phosphoms contents in the volatilized oil. The fifth oil was matched to a second sample of oil that contained no ZDDP (Sample RO-779). 

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