Floppy disc

A number of material suppliers offer information on their products on electronic devices (floppy discs, CDs, etc.) for use on personal computers. An important one, called Campus, is a database concept started by four German material manufacturers who use a uniform software. This database, initially developed jointly by BASF, Bayer, Hoechst, and Hulls, provided for other manufacturers to join. The present consortium has more than 50 materials suppliers worldwide. It is given in the form of diskettes in German, English, French, Italian, or Spanish. Each diskette contains the uniform test and evaluation program and the range of the respective material producers. It runs on IBM-compatible personal computers under the MS-DOS operating system. 

The computer stores programs and data on two floppy disks, each with a capacity of about 500 kbytes. One of the floppy discs contains the operating system, the needed utility programs, and the programs for data collection and reduction. The other floppy disc contains all of the user s data and result files. 

Note that the graphics printer is wired into the terminal so that graphics displays on the CRT screen can be dumped directly to the printer. One of the two floppy disc drives is reserved for the minicomputer operating system and the control programs. The other disc drive is used for the user s data. Data files from the user s floppy disc can be read directly by the 32-bit minicomputer. 

We have kept the data collection computer and its software simple and economical. The computing power and peripherals needed to provide high quality plotting and data reduction are available on a 32-bit minicomputer that supports a number of our projects. The floppy discs from the data collection process can be read directly into the data reduction computer. Special menus have been set up to facilitate plotting of the data on a high speed color raster display or on a high-quality multicolor pen plotter. 

The validation file should have a file reference name and number and contain a document schedule or index with individual document titles, reference numbers, and version numbers. The file may also include electronic copies of documents (e.g., floppy discs, CD-ROM). Consideration should be given to... 

Hardware is changing rapidly and many computer users can remember media they used to use and that are hardly readable today, like 8-inch floppy discs. The same is true for software. Formats of electronic documents are... 

Some of this may seem unnecessarily restrictive, but it is possible to walk out of a company with an enormous amount of information on a 3.5" floppy disc, CD or other storage media using an unattended PC connected to an insecure database. 

This report will discuss the results of a study in which an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) was coupled to standard spectrometers to record both the UV/VIS absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of complex mixtures of PAH s separated by HPLC techniques "on-the-fly" (i.e., one second spectral scans of the HPLC effluent stream) and stored on a floppy disc for subsequent retrieval and data analysis. The system described has the capability of storing 250 (500 point) spectra and can readily be used to increase the effectiveness of HPLC analysis by allowing both quantitative and qualitative data to be obtained. 

If the data are stored on floppy-discs, they are always available for further statistical investigations concerned with reproducibility, ring experiments or survey statistics, without taking up storage space. 

An instrument, which operated in the size range 30 to 1577 nm, was marketed as the Micromeretics Flow Sizer 5600 but it is no longer available. It was automated with operating programs on floppy discs and a data terminal was included. Calibration was effected with monosize lattices. 

Mass data storage represents something of a problem. Floppy discs are probably inadvisable under the severe conditions at sea (vibration, large motion, dirty air, etc.). Some forms of data storage that do appear desirable are Winchester discs (if head crashes can be avoided), digital tape recorders, electronic memory systems (protected from power interruptions), or bubble memories (a bubble memory for the Apple II has become available commercially). 

If the plate structure is to be subtracted from the raw data, the plates are measured precisely on those tracks on which later on chromatography is performed. Here it is necessary for the plates on the scanning table to be repeatedly positioned very precisely. This method, however, only works in connection with the anticircular-technique 45>. The extensive data material obtained is stored on so-called floppy discs . 

Section IV deals with the application of electrochemical technologies to magnetic-storage devices. In the field of magnetic information storage, hard discs, floppy discs, and tape drives are widely used. Electrochemical deposition techniques are essential in their production and this is the raison d etat for its inclusion in this chapter. 

Much larger amounts of information can be stored on hard discs. These are sealed units which are usually permanently built in to the microcomputer. They can hold between 10 and several hundred megabytes and can access the information much more quickly than can be done with floppy discs. One company has recently introduced hard disc packs which are effectively removable hard discs. These combine the portability of floppy discs with the storage capacity of hard discs. 

The instrument controller managing all this hardware is the powerful Motorola 68000 microprocessor. This is a 16-bit device that uses 32-bit internal calculations. The system includes a 15-Mb hard disc with two 320 floppy disc drives as standard components. The controller, configured for the ICP spectrometer, contains a total of 1.6 Mb of RAM. 

The only commercial blend of PPS currently being used is the blend of PPS with PTFE. However in these formulations, PTFE is simply added as a lubricating tiller. These products (Dianippon Ink, Japan) are used for making low-friction gears (for floppy disc drives), bearings, relays and other moving parts. 

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