Caffeine consumption

Drinking five cups of coffee daily increases your chance of a heart attack by 50 percent over non-coffee drinkers. And, coffee is not the only culprit. Six cups of tea or six 12-ounce soft drinks can have the same affect. Break your caffeine addiction  

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Pentoxifylline is stmcturaHy related to other methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine [58-02-2] (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine [83-67-0] (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline [58-55-9] (3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-piirine-2,6-dione or 1,3-dimethylxanthine), which also show radioprotective activity in some instances, suggesting that methylxanthines as a dmg class may radioprotect through a common mechanism (see Alkaloids). In a retrospective analysis of cervical and endometrial cancer patients receiving primary or adjuvant XRT, no association between caffeine consumption and incidence of acute radiation effects has been found. However, there was a decreased incidence of severe late radiation injury in cervical cancer patients who consumed higher levels of caffeine at the time of thek XRT (121). The observed lack of correlation between caffeine consumption and acute radiation effects is consistent with laboratory investigations using pentoxifylline. 

Scott, N. R., Chakraborty, J., Marks, V., Caffeine consumption in the United Kingdom a retrospective survey, Food Sciences Nutrition 42F, 183, 1989. 

This chapter will cover the production of coffee, tea, and cocoa, which comprise the primary crops that account for the majority of worldwide caffeine consumption. Caffeine-containing crops and products comprise a large share of the international market and are primary commodities for many national economies.3 4 Trade of such products is also important in the understanding of availability, market demand, and overall exposure to caffeine from various sources. Information is presented to a lesser degree for soft drinks, many of which do contain caffeine and are consumed primarily in the industrialized nations. Another source of caffeine exposure which contributes less than any beverages and foods under consideration are prescription and non-prescription medications, which are described in lesser detail. 

Caffeine consumption is primarily due to coffee, tea and soft drinks. In the U.S., it is estimated that coffee contributes to 75% of the total caffeine intake, tea is 15%, and soda with caffeine accounts for 10% 5 chocolate and other caffeine-containing foods and medications contribute relatively little to overall caffeine exposure. Caffeine also varies by sources tea leaves contain 1.5 to 3.5% caffeine kola nuts contain 2% caffeine and roasted coffee beans contain 0.75 to 1.5% caffeine.6 Coffee varies in caffeine content some analyses have estimated that caffeine may range from 0.8 to 1.8%, depending on the type of coffee.7 Crops of coffee, tea, and cocoa are very similar in their production periods and their useful life in production. Typically coffee, tea, and cocoa trees can be productive with crops every 5 years for a total period of 40 years,8 or an estimated 8 yields per tree. 

Other dietary factors that may influence overall caffeine consumption include foods that contain cocoa or chocolate, such as candies and sweets. These products do not contribute as much caffeine as either coffee or tea however, their contribution to caffeine exposure should be recognized. Caffeine may also be in foods and beverages as an additive, which the Food and Drug Administration monitors and requires to be labeled on the product. 

Total caffeine consumption will vary with a number of factors that are often difficult to disentangle. For caffeine exposure attributable to coffee, this includes brewing method and preparation type of coffee (Arabica, Robusta, instant), averaging to 1.3% caffeine for roasted beans 39 brand of coffee size of coffee cup and the volume of added ingredients, such as milk, cream sweeteners, and syrups. There are several different brewing or preparation techniques by which coffee can be prepared. Most notably, they differ in their final extraction of caffeine depending on the process. Filter coffee or automatic drip coffee results in approximately 97 to 100% caffeine extraction 37 however, regional differences in the volume of coffee... 

Gilbert RM. Caffeine consumption. In The Methylxanthine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumption, and Health Effects. Ed Gene Spiller. Alan Liss, Inc. 1984 185-193. 

Barone JJ, Roberts HR. Caffeine consumption. Food Chemical Toxicology. 1996 34(1) 119-129. 

The increasing scientific attention devoted to caffeine in recent years9 reflects not only its popularity and widespread use, but also concern that it may have detrimental physiological effects and interest in its impact on psychological functioning and behavior. Health concerns have focused primarily on cardiovascular function.4-10 Early studies suggested that caffeine consumption may increase the risk of some cardiovascular problems.11-12 However, more recent studies provide little support for this concern, with the possible exception of blood pressure.13 Lipid profiles appear to be unaffected by habitual caffeine consumption.1417 Moreover,... 

While caffeine consumption has resulted in improved mood, abstinence has resulted in negative moods.147 Both acute withdrawal154 and overnight abstinence148 appear to cause dysphoric mood states. 

Gilbert, R., Caffeine consumption, in The Methlaxine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumptions and Health Effects New York Liss, 1984. 

Barone, J. and Roberts, H., Caffeine consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 34(1), 119-129, 1996. 

Lane, J. D., Adcock, A., Williams, R. B., and Kuhn, C. M., Caffeine effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute psychosocial stress and their relationship to level of habitual caffeine consumption. Psychosomatic Medicine 52, 320-336, 1990. 

Mathew, R. J., and Wilson, W. H., Caffeine consumption, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow. Headache 25 305-309, 1985. 

Wise, K., Bergmann, E., Sherrard, D. and Massey, L., Interactions between dietary calcium and caffeine consumption on caffeine in hypertensive humans. Am JHypertens 9(3), 223-229, 1996. 

Serum cholesterol responses to coffee or caffeine consumption in subgroups of the population may differ. For example, women may respond differently than men. The majority of clinical studies reviewed here... 

Marshall, J., Graham, S., Swanson, M., Caffeine consumption and benign breast disease A case-control comparison, Am J Public Health, 72, 610, 1982. 

Boyle, C. A., Berkowitz, G. S., LiVolsi, V. A., Ort, S., Merino, J. J., White, C., Kelsey, J. L., Caffeine consumption and fibro cystic breast disease in a case control epidemiologic study, J Natl Cancer Inst, 72, 1015, 1984. 

Massey and Opryszek9 elaborated further by showing that habitual caffeine consumption induced chronic hypercalcuria in young women (mean 24 years) after an oral caffeine challenge where they were fed either 300 mg of caffeine tablets per day or 6 mg caffeine per kilogram lean body mass (LBM) per day (range 274 to 325 mg/caffeine) mixed with decaffeinated coffee or tea when compared to a week of abstinence. Ad-... 

There is no evidence that maternal consumption of caffeine, even in relatively large amounts, has any long-term effects on the offspring. However, it must be remembered that such studies are very difficult to carry out in human populations. Therefore, in my judgment, the lack of evidence linking maternal caffeine consumption with long-term consequences to the offspring does not mean that such an association does not exist. 

Because excessive caffeine consumption increases calcium excretion, caffeine intake should ideally be limited to two servings per day. Moderate caffeine intake (2 to 4 servings per day) should not be a concern if adequate calcium intake is achieved. 

Golding J. (1995). Reproduction and caffeine consumption—a literature review. Early Hum Dev. 

Rogers PJ, Dernoncourt C. (1998). Regular caffeine consumption a balance of adverse and beneficial effects for mood and psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 59(4) 1039-45. Rounsaville BJ, Anton SF, Carroll K, Budde D, Prusoff BA, Gawin F. (1991). Psychiatric diagnoses of treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 48(1) 43-51. 

An additional question related to the nervous system effects of caffeine is what happens when you stop drinking caffeine Do you get a headache If the answer is yes then you are dependent on the drug caffeine. Some of your caffeine consumption is driven by a desire to avoid a caffeine-induced headache. 

Many people start consuming caffeine at an early age. It is not uncommon for schools to have soft drink machines and even coffee stands at and certainly near schools. Middle and high school students are well aware of the stimulant properties of caffeine. Is it appropriate to have soft drink machines in schools, which encourages caffeine consumption ... 

Given the many plants that contain caffeine, some have speculated that even Stone Age humans chewed the leaves and fruit of caffeine-producing plants to enjoy its stimulant properties. Although this early consumption is speculative, it is clear that caffeine consumption has been with us for a long time. 

Table 4.2 History of caffeine consumption (T = tea, Co = coffee, Ch = chocolate)...

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