Vaccines, recombinant

PI. polymorpha [80] is generally referred to as safe and was widely used for pharma-protein production (cytokines, vaccines, coagulation factors) [80]. The genome sequence is known and DNA chip technologies have been established. Hansenula was developed to an expression platform which was implemented for the production of recombinant vaccines. 

Although most biopharmaceuticals approved to date are intended for human use, a number of products destined for veterinary application have also come on the market. One early such example is that of recombinant bovine GH (Somatotrophin), which was approved in the USA in the early 1990s and used to increase milk yields from dairy cattle. Additional examples of approved veterinary biopharmaceuticals include a range of recombinant vaccines and an interferon-based product (Table 1.7). 

Yeast expression vectors have been among those most commonly used since the beginning of gene technology. Vectors based on baker s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been especially popular for robust expression of many types of recombinant proteins [90]. For instance, the first commercially available recombinant vaccine, the hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine, was produced from an S. cerevisiae vector [91]. Many other recombinant proteins have also been efficiently expressed in yeast including al-Antitrypsin [92], insulin [93], Epstein-Barr virus envelope protein [94], superoxide dismutase [95] and interferon-a [90]. 

A new subunit recombinant vaccine is Gardasil it is a tetravalent vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) implicated in cervical cancer. See Exhibit 4.5 for details. 

Gardasil is a noninfectious recombinant vaccine consisting of capsid proteins from four different human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of types 6,11, 16, and 18. HPV causes squamous cell cervical cancer and cervical adenocarcinoma, as well as 35-50% of vulvar and vaginal cancers. 

Hqjatitis B Vaccine (Engerix-B, Recombivax HB) Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil)... 

Hepatitis A (Inactivated) Hepatitis B (Recombinant) Vaccine (Twinrix) [Vaccine/lnactivated] Uses Active imimmization against A/B Action Active immunity Dose 1 mL IM at 0, 1, 6 mo Caution [C, +] Contra Component sensitivity Disp Single-dose vials, syringes SE Fever, fatigue, pain at site, HA Interactions -1- Immune response w/ corticost oids, immunosuppressants EMS None OD Unlikely... 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a recombinant vaccine produced with piants ... 

Amongst the limited number of biopharmaceuticals approved for animal use (Chapter 1), recombinant vaccines represent the single largest sub-group. Several such products target pigs,... 

Gardasil was approved by the FDA in 2006. It is a quadrivalent recombinant vaccine against the human papilloma vims (HPV), more specifically against types 6, 11, 16 and 18. It is able to reduce pre-cancerous cervical, vaginal and vulvar lesions, associated with HPV types 16 and 18, as well as condylomas associated with HPV types 6 and 11. With the approval of the first HPV vaccine, cervical cancer now has a primary prevention tool. 

Recombinant vaccines Vaccines that can deliver and penetrate intestinal wall via M cells Tetanus toxin, Salmonella strains, vaccinia virus vector... 

Pogrebnyak, N., Golovkin, M., Andrianov, V., Spitsin, S., Smirnov, Y, Egolf, R., and Koprowski, H. (2005). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) S protein production in plants development of recombinant vaccine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102(25) 9062-9067. 

It is an immunobiological substance for producing specific protection against a given disease. It stimulates the production of protective antibodies and other immune mechanisms. Vaccines may be prepared from attenuated live organisms, inactivated or killed microorganisms, toxoids or combination of these and more recent one are recombinant vaccines. 

Tubulekas, I., P. Berglund, M. Fleeton, and P. Liljestrom, Alphavirus expression vectors and their use as recombinant vaccines a minireview. Gene, 1997. 190(1) 191-5. 

Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil) [Vaccine] Uses Prevent cervical CA, precancer-ous genital lesions, and genital warts d/t HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 in females 9-26 y Action Recombinant vaccine, passive humoral immunity Dose 0.5 mL EM initial, then 2 and 6 mo observe for 15 min after, keep seated or lying down Caution [B, /-] Disp Inj SE Site Rxn (pain, erythema, swelling, pruritus), fever, fainting w/ administration Interactions W/ immunosuppressants, may get decreased response EMS Convulsive syncope (fainting associated w/ Sz -like activity) OD Unlikely... 

The FDA granted a license for the first recombinant vaccine (for hepatitis) to Chiron Corp. 

TJC Davis scientists developed a recombinant vaccine against... 

Table 15.3. Research undertaken using the Taenia ovis 45W/18k/16k and Echinococcus granulosus EG95 recombinant vaccines, highlighting their application as model anti-parasite vaccines. ...

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