Vinyl acetate copolymer paints

Special vinyl acetate copolymer paints have been developed with gready improved resistance to blistering or peeling when immersed in water. This property allows better cleaning and use in very humid environments. These lattices exhibit the water resistance of higher priced acryUc resins (150). VAc, vinyl chloride—ethylene terpolymers have been developed which provide the exterior resistance properties of vinyl chloride with the dexibiUty of the ethylene for exterior paint vehicles (151). 

Vinyl acetate is another monomer used in latex manufacture for architectural coatings. When copolymerized with butyl acrylate, it provides a good balance of cost and performance. The interior flat latex paint market in North America is almost completely dominated by vinyl acetate—acryHc copolymers. Vinyl acetate copolymers are typicaHy more hydrophilic than aH-acryHc polymers and do not have the same ultraviolet light resistance as acryHcs as a result. 

Vinyl acetate [108-05-4] (VAc), CH2=CHOOCCH2, the ethenyl ester of acetic acid, is primarily use for the manufacture of poly(vinyl acetate) [9003-20-7] (PVAc) and vinyl acetate copolymers. Poly(vinyl acetate) homo- and copolymers are found as components in coatings, paints and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, constmction products, and carpet-backing), and miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. AppHcations have grown over the years in a number of areas (1 4). 

Growth in PVAc consumption is illustrated in Eigure 3. The emulsions continue to dominate the adhesives and paint markets. It also shows the distribution of PVAc and copolymer usage by market. The companies Hsted in Table 10 are among the principal suppHers of poly(vinyl acetate)s and vinyl acetate copolymers, but there are numerous other suppHers. Many other companies produce these polymers and consume them internally in the formulation of products. 

Emulsion Polymerization. Poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl acetate) copolymer latexes prepared in the presence of PVA find wide appHcations in adhesives, paints, textile finishes, and coatings. The emulsions show exceUent stabiHty to mechanical shear as weU as to the addition of electrolytes, and possess exceUent machining characteristics. 

So-called pure acryUc latexes are employed for maximum durabiUty as required, for example, in high performance exterior latex paints. On the other hand, interior flat wall latex paints do not need the high resistance to exterior exposure and hydrolysis. The most widely used latexes for this appHcation are vinyl acetate copolymer latexes such as vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate (2-propenoic acid butyl ester) [141-32-2] copolymers having just sufficient... 

More recent investigations revealed that the vinyl esters of these branched acids are excellent base materials for preparing paint latices (3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14). Their use as comonomer in vinyl acetate copolymer latices imparts improved alkali resistance and weatherability to the paint films. 

Vinyl acetate polymers are extensively used in emulsion paints, as adhesives for textiles, paper, and wood, as a sizing material, and as a permanent starch. A number of commercial grades are available which differ in molecular weight and in the nature of comonomers (e.g., acrylate, maleate, fumarate) which are often used. Two vinyl acetate copolymers of particular interest to the plastics industry are EVA and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers. 

Ethylene Copolymers. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers differ according to their vinyl acetate content and molecular mass. With increasing vinyl acetate content, compatibility with paraffin waxes decreases, but that with other binders increases. Low molecular mass types containing 25-40% vinyl acetate are readily or sufficiently soluble in solvents. With a 40% vinyl acetate content, they can be combined with polar resins and nitrocellulose. Terpolymers with free carboxyl groups exhibit improved adhesion. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are primarily added to waxes to improve their properties, but are also used to increase flexibility and adhesion in paints, printing inks and adhesives, and for hot melt coatings. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers have low water vapor and gas permeabilities (barrier effect). 

Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. Copolymerization of vinyl acetate with other monomers allows specific improvement of certain properties. Copolymers generally exhibit a broader compatibility than the homopolymer. For example, softer, permanently flexible polymers with a lower water uptake and higher alkali resistance are obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate with vinyl laurate. On account of their thermoplastic properties these copolymers are used in heat-sealable finishes on paper, cardboard, and aluminum foil. In cellulose nitrate lacquers they increase adhesion, lightfastness, and the body fullness of the paint film. They can also be used for priming coats and for stabilizing porous or absorbent substrates. 

Poly(vinyl ester) dispersions are quantitatively more important than solid resins. Homopolymer and copolymer dispersions are used for binders in emulsion (dispersion) paints, plastic-bonded plasters, and water-thinnable adhesives. Poly(vinyl acetate) dispersions are less important than vinyl acetate copolymer dispersions. The most important comonomers of vinyl acetate are vinyl laurate, dibutyl maleate, Versatic Acid esters (VeoVa, Shell), ethylene, vinyl chloride, and butyl acrylate. Poly(vinyl propionate) and copolymers of vinyl propionate with butyl acrylate, styrene, or vinyl chloride are also marketed and used as dispersions. 

Aside from process comparisons, the main contrast between the systems is that of size, weight, and cost, especially for pressurized systems. Construction of batch reactors for use with ethylene at pressures of 1000 psi (70 atm) and upward has to be massive. The simple construction of the Loop process just pumps and pipework blends itself to use at high pressures. Apart from cost and weight, the small volume of the Loop reactor has obvious safety advantages. Despite these attractions, the Loop reactor system has so far been used successfully only for low-pressure systems such as poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer for adhesives and copolymers for paint. Large-scale production of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers has yet to be demonstrated. 

Uses Coemulsifier for poiyacryiates, acrylate vinyl acetate copolymers costabilizer to inc. mech. or salt stability of polymer disps. dispersant for emulsion paints food pkg. adhesives, paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles... 

Chem. Descrip. Vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion Uses Film-former in primers, sealers, specialty coatings, latex paints (exterior masonry and wood), roof coatings, concrete admixtures Features Fligh m.w., permanently flexible emulsion, flow, holdout, and machining properties produces films that are clear, transparent, and odorless... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, acrid fumes NFPA Health 2, Flammability 3, Reactivity 2 Uses Monomer for synthesis of nitrile rubber, PVAc emulsions, PVOH, EVA copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, PVBI, and vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile copolymers in polymerized form for plastic masses, films, lacquers, latex paints, adhesives, textile finishing, safety glass interlayers textile hand modifier binder for paper coatings esterification for food starch modified film-former in cosmetics food pkg. adhesives resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings for polyolefin films food-contact paper/paperboard, ionomeric resins, copolymers, laminates, resin-bonded filters, textiles... 

Synonyms Vinyl acetate-ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer Vinyl chlo-ride/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer Uses Binder, vehicle for emulsion paints, paper coatings, textured finishes, fabric coatings, flame retardant fabrics, constmction adhesives, and thermal insulation systems adhesive for flooring, walls, foam, tiles, paper/paperboard binder for fabrics, glass fiber textile auxiliary and coating paper coatings... 

For many years styrene-butadiene (CH2=CH-CH=CH2) copolymers were used in the USA in cheap latex coatings for house interiors. More recent developments have been the formulation of primers and undercoats based on latices with good adhesion for wood and the use of ethylene/vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer latices in house paints. 

See Vinyl acrylic copolymer Vinyl acetate resin. See Polyvinyl acetate Vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride copolymer Vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride polymer. See Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer Vinyl acetate/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer Definition Latex emulsion contg. 50-55% solids polymer comprised of 65-85% VA and 15-35% vinyl neodecanoate Uses Binder in emulsion paints... 

Isostearyl stearoyl stearate Octyidodecyl stearoyl stearate binder, marine antifouling paints Vinyl chlorlde/vinyl acetate copolymer binder, marine paints Rubber, chlorinated binder, match heads Animal glue... 

Transglutaminase binder, metal paints Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer binder, metals Chitosan PEG-14M binder, milk/dairy prods. 

In Europe the most popular paints of this type are based on vinyl acetate copolymer or acrylic latices. The former are prepared by the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, CH3C0-0 CH=CH2, and are stabilized by a combination of surfactants and protective colloids. Although polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is a relatively soft polymer, like polymethyl acrylate, its glass temperature is above room temperature. Household paints must coalesce to form a film at room temperature, so PVA must have its glass temperature... 

Details are given of the use of DSC to evaluate the binder content in latex paints. The phenomena of thermal decomposition were studied for the main components of latex paints. Data are given for binders such as vinyl acetate copolymers, styrene-acrylic resin copolymers, and rheological modifiers such as cellulose ethers. 5 refs. 

Paints are used for cosmetic as well as protective reasons (in the form of coatings). Within this group, there are acrylic paints commonly used which contain PMMA in a solvent (which evaporates as the paint dries), which makes the paint surface, hard, tough and shiny. Since PMMA is hydrophobic, to make the acrylic paint waterbourne, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer is generally used, where PMMA can stay suspended in water, (known as PMMA latex and latex paints). 

Chlorinated rubber is used in topcoats for heavy duty maintenance paints because of its low water permeability. It is also used in tie coats on polyolefin plastics. Chlorinated rubber dehydrochlorinates and requires stabilizers similar to those used with PVC. Some metal salts, especially those of iron, tend to promote degradation of chlorinated rubber and so it degrades when applied over rusty steel. Chlorinated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers have been developed that can be used to replace chlorinated rubber in at least some applications (183). 

Many research groups have applied this synergistic combination of GPC separation and IR detection for various samples in many application areas details can be found in Refs. [6b, 6c]. Willis and Wheeler demonstrated the determination of the vinyl acetate distribution in ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, the analysis of branching in high-density polyethylene, and the analysis of the chemical composition of a jet oil lubricant. Provder et al. showed that all of the additives in powder coatings could be positively identified by SEC-FTIR through comparison with known spectra. Even biocides in commercial household paints could be analyzed. 

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