Concrete admixtures

Regenerate catalysts. Extend useful life. Recover valuable metals from spent catalyst. Possibly use catalyst as a concrete admixture or as a fertilizer. 

Other types of chemical admixtures that were supplied in very small quantities 15 or 20 years ago, such as corrosion inhibitors etc., have become high-volume products and have helped to double the concrete admixture market since the last edition. 

Ramachandran, V.S. (1995). Concrete Admixtures Handbook, Noyes Publ., NJ, 1153. 

Mailvaganam, N.P. (1994). Concrete Admixtures Handbook, 2nd Edn, Noyes Public., 1009-17. 

Ramachandran, V.S. (1994). Concrete Admixture Handbook, Noyes Publications, 150. 

Russell, P. (1983). Concrete Admixtures, a Viewpoint Publication, Eyre Spottiwoode Publications, 95-6. 

There is little that can be done to affect the chemical composition of the ash as far as SiO A1203, and Fe203 are concerned. The chemical composition of the post-combustion ash is primarily a function of the chemical composition of the non-combustible matter in the coal feed to the boiler. The moisture specification is primarily for storage and handling considerations since fly ash used as a pozzolan has historically been stored, transported, and metered as a dry product. There is no technical reason that fly ash must be dry for use as a concrete admixture. 

RAYMIX and ULTRAMIX are chemically desugared and modified sodium lignosulfonates used in retarding and non-retarding concrete admixtures. 

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