Solid-polymer

Crystallization of polymer melts creates semicrystalline material consisting of folded chains in lamellae packed into a larger spherulitic structure, coexisting with amorphous regions. 

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Chandrasekhar V 1998 Polymer solid electrolytes synthesis and structure/4dv. Polym. Sc/. 135 139-205... 

N. G. McCmm, B. E. Read, and G. WiUiams, Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymer Solids,]ohxs Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1967. 

The use of the harmonic mean often leads to better predictions of interfacial tensions between polymers and better contact angles between liquids and polymer solids, but the criterion for maximization of the work of adhesion is the same as... 

Fig. 13. Load vs. stiffness response for diamond hemisphere (R = 5.3 irm) vs. silicone polymer. Solid line is JKR Hi.

The randomization stage refers to the equilibration of the nonequilibrium conformations of the chains near the surfaces and in the case of crack healing and processing, the restoration of the molecular weight distribution and random orientation of chain segments near the interface. The conformational relaxation is of particular importance in the strength development at incompatible interfaces and affects molecular connectivity at polymer-solid interfaces. 

Fig. 17. A polymer-solid interface with X sticker groups on the polymer and F-receptor groups on the solid. As the chain adsorbs strongly on the solid, it tends to disentangle from the other chains in the polymer.

Lee, I. and Wool, R.P, Thermodynamic analysis of polymer-solid adhesion Sticker and receptor group effects. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed., 40(19), October (2002). 

S. Granick. Dynamics of adsorption and desorption at polymer/solid interfaces. In Polymer Interfaces and Adhesion. Boston Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992, p. 227. 

Figure 5. (a) The ( A, SO,) anion symmetric streching mode of polypropylene glycol)- LiCF,SO, for 0 M ratios of 2000 1 and 6 1. Solid symbols represent experimental data after subtraction of the spectrum corre-ponding to the pure polymer. Solid curves represent a three-component fit. Broken curves represent the individual fitted components, (b) Relative Raman intensities of the fitted profiles for the ( Aj, SO,) anion mode for this system, plotted against square root of the salt concentration, solvated ions ion pairs , triple ions, (c) The molar conductivity of the same system at 293 K. Adapted from A. Ferry, P. Jacobsson, L. M. Torell, Electrnchim. Acta 1995, 40, 2369 and F. M. Gray, Solid State Ionics 1990, 40/41, 637. 

Since the compartmentalization occurs as a result of microphase separation of an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution, an aqueous system is the only possible object of study. This limitation is a disadvantage from a practical point of view. Our recent studies, however, have shown that this disadvantage can be overcome with a molecular composite of an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte with a surfactant molecule [129], This composite was dissolvable in organic solvents and dopable in polymer film, and the microphase structure was found to remain unchaged in the composite. This finding is important, because it has made it possible to extend the study on photo-systems involving the chromophore compartmentalization to organic solutions and polymer solid systems. 

Excessive backmixing can be very difficult to prevent at low reactant viscosities, so an LFR may not be practicable where dissolved polymer solids are low, either due to low conversions or high solvent levels. Under these conditions, LFR behavior can be approached by incorporating a sufficient number of CSTR s in series. 

Figure 1 (a) Model for the undeformed polymer solid (b) more... 

Matsumoto M, Miyazaki H, Matsuhiro K, Kumashiro Y, Takaoka Y (1996) A dye sensitized Ti02 photoelectrochemical cell constructed with polymer solid electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 89 263-267... 

Total soluble polymer (solids) In each latex sample was calculated by simply summing the amounts of polymerized acrylonitrile and polymerized comonomer. 

Brochard, F., de Gennes, P. G., Shear-dependent slippage at a polymer/solid interface, Langmuir 8 (1992) 3033-3037. 

Application to heterogeneous polymer solids, and elastic composites, is presented in the Section 7 (Gusev, Suter), which is followed by a summary and the outlook for the various methods reviewed here. It will be apparent to the reader that this review thus assembles several building blocks for the difficult task to bridge the gaps from the atomistic to the macroscopic scales in space and times for the simulation of polymeric materials. Integrating these building blocks into one coherent framework still is not fully solved and a matter of current research. 

Application of Atomistic Modeling Techniques to Heterogeneous Polymer Solids... 

Chandrasekhar, V. Polymer Solid Electrolytes Synthesis and Structure, Vol 135, pp, 139-206 Charleux, B Faust R Synthesis of Branched Polymers by Cationic Polymerization, Vol. 142, pp. 1-70. 

NMR measurements also provide information on the coordination of the ligands in the uranyl polymers. Solid-state I c-NMR confirms the coordination modes of the carboxylate ligands to the uranyl ion that is, both monodentate and bidentate carboxylate coordination modes are evident. The uranyl dicarboxyl ate polymers which possess two moles of coordinated DMSO exhibit two carbon-13 carbonyl resonances, one at about 175 ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) and one at about 185 ppm. The polymers which possess only one mole of coordinated DMSO exhibit only the carbonyl peak near 185 ppm. Based on other known coordination compounds, the 175 ppm peak can be assigned to monodentate carboxylate and the 185 ppm peak to bidentate carboxylate. Thus, 7-coordination predominates in the polymers with either one or two moles of solvent coordinated to the uranyl ion, which is consistent with the infrared results reported elsewhere (5). 

McCrum N. G., Read B. E., and Williams G., Anelastlc and Dielectric Effects in Polymer Solids, John Wiley and Sons (1967). 

These are the most important components of paint. Coatings can be either clear or opaque (containing pigments) and either solvent- or water-based. With solvent-based paints, after application, most of the solvent is lost through evaporation. These solvent-based coatings are mostly alkyds (name derived from alkyl/acid) or modified alkyd resins. Normally they contain 30% polymer solids higher solids content is limited by the increasing viscosity of the system. 

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