Triethanolamine, emulsifiers

For shaving products, creams, foams, lotions, etc. are commonly used. The most frequently used ingredients in shaving products are fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid), surfactants (e.g. triethanolamine), emulsifiers (e.g. lanolin, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), solvents and emollients (e.g. glycerin and other alcohols). 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

Emulsions containing a water-solubile herbicide salt and a herbicide soluble in an organic solvent are prepared by a mixture of water, dioctyl phthalate, and isophorone. In this case ethoxylated poly ary lphenol phosphate neutralized with triethanolamine and ethoxylated acid phosphoric acid esters is used as emulsifier [231],... 

Unfortunately, not all combinations of chemical additives in water-based fluids are completely compatible, and side reactions leading to various byproducts have been noted. The best known of these side reactions is the reaction between the corrosion inhibitor nitrite and the emulsifiers di- and triethanolamine (7) to form N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDE1A), a nitrosamine reported to have carcinogenic activity (8, 9, 10). In fact, most nitrosamines are carcinogenic, and no animal species which has been tested is resistant to nitrosa mine-induced cancer. Although there is no direct evidence that firmly links human cancer to nitrosamines, it is unlikely that humans should be uniquely resistant. 

The soaps of the ethanolamines are extensively used in textile treating agents, in shampoos, and emulsifiers. The fatty acid amides of diethanolamine are applied as builders in heavy-duty detergents, particularly those in which alkylaryl sulfonates are the surfactant ingredients. The use of triethanolamine in photographic developing baths promotes fine grain structure in the film when developed. 

Uses Triethanolamine is a pale yellow, viscous liquid. It is hygroscopic with an irritant, ammoniac odor. The industrial and domestic applications of this compound are multiple and extensive. Use includes manufacture of toilet products, cosmetics formulations,61 solvents for waxes, resins, dyes, paraffins, and polishes, herbicides, and lubricants for textile products.41 In the pharmaceutical industry, triethanolamine is used as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent,62,63 emulsifier, and alkylating agent. 

The emulsifying agent was prepared from stearic acid and triethanolamine. Give the name of this salt. Write its formula. 

The active portion of this class of emulsifiers is the anion. In general, these emulsifiers are more acid-stable and permit adjustment of the emulsion pH level to the desirable range of 4.5 and 6.5. Common examples include sodium lauryl sulfate and soaps such as triethanolamine stearate. Triethanolamine stearate is one of the most popular emulsifiers for creams and lotions in use today. It is usually prepared in situ during manufacture from stearic acid in the hot oil phase and from triethanolamine in the hot aqueous phase. The amount of triethanolamine controls the pH level of the resulting product. 

In topical formulations, stearic acid is used as an emulsifying and solubilizing agent. When partially neutralized with alkalis or triethanolamine, stearic acid is used in the preparation of creams. The partially neutralized stearic acid forms a creamy base when mixed with 5-15 times its own weight of aqueous liquid the appearance and plasticity of the cream being determined by the proportion of alkali used. 

When mixed in equimolar proportions with a fatty acid, such as stearic acid or oleic acid, triethanolamine forms an anionic soap with a pH of about 8, which may be used as an emulsifying agent to produce fine-grained, stable oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations that are typically used for emulsification are 2-4% v/v of triethanolamine and 2-5 times that of fatty acids. In the case of mineral oils, 5% v/v of triethanolamine will be needed, with an appropriate increase in the amount of fatty acid used. Preparations that contain triethanolamine soaps tend to darken on storage. However, discoloration may be reduced by avoiding exposure to light and contact with metals and metal ions. 

Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifying agent in a variety of topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although generally regarded as a nontoxic material, triethanolamine may cause hypersensitivity or be irritant to the skin when present in formulated products. The lethal human oral dose of triethanolamine is estimated to be 5-15 g/kg body-weight. 

Amine Salts Triethanolamine salts are used in nonaqueous solvents and in situ preparation as an emulsifying agent (free fatty acid in oil phase, triethanolamine in... 

When these types of cutting fluids are manufactured, they typically will contain an ethanolamine salt or some form of emulsifying agent that is used to get the oil in solution. Many of the best formulations will contain triethanolamine salts because of their excellent ability to address what the chemist is looking for—typically, lubricity and anticorrosion protection. Typical ethanolamine salts of t-butylbenzoic acid, pentylbenzoic acid, hexylbenzoic acid, and p-butoxybenzoic acid have been chosen due to their favorable characteristics from the standpoint of cost, solubility, corrosion resistance, and load ability [3],... 

In the presence of a poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsifier, the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by potassium persulfate is said to be seriously inhibited by dissolved air. The rate of pol mierization is enhanced by the addition of triethanolamine. At a concentration of 5 X 10 moles/liter of potassium persulfate up to 0.03 moles/liter of triethanolamine enhanced the polymerization rate. Beyond this concentration of the amine, the rate decreases but the induction period in air is eliminated [150]. 

Monovalent and polyvalent alkyl carboxylates are respectively called "soap" and "metallic soap." The straight chain of the fatty acids varies from C12 to C20. Higher members are too hydrophobic to be used and lower members have little surfactant value. Stearic acid soaps are doubtless the most widely utilized emulsifiers in oil-in-waier emulsions. Unsaturated fatty acid soaps such as oleate produce fluid emulsions (IS). The most common associated cations are sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, and triethanolamine. Monovalent salts of carboxylic acids are generally used to produce oil-in-water emulsions. 

Common emulsifiers were tested in over 1,200 eczema patients in Finland (Hannuksela et al. 1976 b). Allergic reactions were found in 21% of those tested, the great majority of the patients were also sensitive to other substances. The emulsifiers responsible for the positive reactions in 0.3%-0.7% of the cases were Lanet-te (sorbitan sesquioleate), the Spans (polyoxyethylene oxypropylene stearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative and triethanolamine stearate. Tweens were positive in only two cases. Maibach and Connant (1977) reported contact urticaria to polysorbate 60 (Tween 60). Sorbitan monolaurate in a hydrocortisone cream (Alphaderm) caused allergic contact dermatitis in a woman after treatment with Alphaderm for 1 week (Finn and Forsyth 1975). 

VanderbiIt http //www.rtvanderbiltcom] Sodium/TEA-lauroyl hydrolyzed keratin Definition Mixt. of sodium and triethanolamine salts of the condensation prod, of lauric acid chloride and hydrolyzed keratin Uses Substantive foaming surfactant, antistat, lubricant, conditioner, moisturizer, counterirritant for hair care, skin care, nail care aux. emulsifier Features Mild protein... 

Definition Triethanolamine salt of the coconut acid amide of glutamic acid Formula HOOCCH2CH2CHHNCROCOOH N(CH2CH20H)3, RCO- rep. fatty acids from coconut oil Properties Anionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant, emulsifier, detergent, emollient for cosmetics Features Bacteriostatic effect Trade Name Synonyms Acyl glutamate CT-12 t[Aji nomoto http //www.ajinomoto. co.jp http //www.ajinomoto.com], Amisoft CT-12 [Ajinomoto http //www.ajinomoto.co.jp-. 

CAS 88120-12-1 EINECS/ELINCS 289-375-1 Synonyms Isooctadecanoic acid, compd. with 2,2, 2"-nitrilotris (ethanol) (1 1) Triethanolamine isostearate Definition Triethanolamine salt of isostearic acid Empirical C18H36O2 CeHisNOs Uses Surfactant, emulsifier in cosmetics, liq. foundations... 

Definition Triethanolamine salt of myristic acid Empiricai C14H28O2 CsHisNOa Formuia CH3(CH2)i2CH2NHCH2CH2COOH N(CH2CH20H)3 Properties M.w. 377.56 Uses Emulsifier, surfactant in cosmetics Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 176.210, 177.2260 Manuf./Distrib. A E Connock http //www. connock. co. uk... 

Triethanolamine monooleate ester Triethanolamine oleate Triethanolamine oleate soap Trihydroxyethylamine oleate Ciassification Salt of oleic acid Empiricai C24H49NO5 Formuia C18H34O2 C6H15NO3 Properties HLB 12.0 anionic Toxicoiogy TSCA listed Precaution Combustible Uses W/o emulsifier, surfactant for electronics, lubricants, polishes, wax emulsions, cosmetics, foods, pharmaceuticals defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in resin-bonded filters for food contact Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 176.210, 177.2260 Manuf./Distrib. A E Connock http //www. connock. co. uk Trade Name Synonyms Nofable BO-90T t[NOF http //www.nof.co.jp], Nofable BO-99T t[NOF http //www.nof.co.jp], Servon XB 36 T[Sasol... 

Definition Triethanolamine salt of oleyl sulfate Empirical C-I8H3504S CeHisNOa Uses Emulsifier, surfactant in cosmetics TEA-palmitate... 

Definition Reaction prod, of triethanolamine and polyphosphoric acid Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics TEA-salicylate... 

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