Emulsifying agents triethanolamine

The emulsifying agent was prepared from stearic acid and triethanolamine. Give the name of this salt. Write its formula. 

When mixed in equimolar proportions with a fatty acid, such as stearic acid or oleic acid, triethanolamine forms an anionic soap with a pH of about 8, which may be used as an emulsifying agent to produce fine-grained, stable oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations that are typically used for emulsification are 2-4% v/v of triethanolamine and 2-5 times that of fatty acids. In the case of mineral oils, 5% v/v of triethanolamine will be needed, with an appropriate increase in the amount of fatty acid used. Preparations that contain triethanolamine soaps tend to darken on storage. However, discoloration may be reduced by avoiding exposure to light and contact with metals and metal ions. 

Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifying agent in a variety of topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although generally regarded as a nontoxic material, triethanolamine may cause hypersensitivity or be irritant to the skin when present in formulated products. The lethal human oral dose of triethanolamine is estimated to be 5-15 g/kg body-weight. 

Amine Salts Triethanolamine salts are used in nonaqueous solvents and in situ preparation as an emulsifying agent (free fatty acid in oil phase, triethanolamine in... 

When these types of cutting fluids are manufactured, they typically will contain an ethanolamine salt or some form of emulsifying agent that is used to get the oil in solution. Many of the best formulations will contain triethanolamine salts because of their excellent ability to address what the chemist is looking for—typically, lubricity and anticorrosion protection. Typical ethanolamine salts of t-butylbenzoic acid, pentylbenzoic acid, hexylbenzoic acid, and p-butoxybenzoic acid have been chosen due to their favorable characteristics from the standpoint of cost, solubility, corrosion resistance, and load ability [3],... 

The soaps of the ethanolamines are extensively used in textile treating agents, in shampoos, and emulsifiers. The fatty acid amides of diethanolamine are applied as builders in heavy-duty detergents, particularly those in which alkylaryl sulfonates are the surfactant ingredients. The use of triethanolamine in photographic developing baths promotes fine grain structure in the film when developed. 

Uses Triethanolamine is a pale yellow, viscous liquid. It is hygroscopic with an irritant, ammoniac odor. The industrial and domestic applications of this compound are multiple and extensive. Use includes manufacture of toilet products, cosmetics formulations,61 solvents for waxes, resins, dyes, paraffins, and polishes, herbicides, and lubricants for textile products.41 In the pharmaceutical industry, triethanolamine is used as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent,62,63 emulsifier, and alkylating agent. 

In topical formulations, stearic acid is used as an emulsifying and solubilizing agent. When partially neutralized with alkalis or triethanolamine, stearic acid is used in the preparation of creams. The partially neutralized stearic acid forms a creamy base when mixed with 5-15 times its own weight of aqueous liquid the appearance and plasticity of the cream being determined by the proportion of alkali used. 

Akinc and Celikkaya [169], on the other hand, synthesized yttrium oxide where the stock solution of yttrium (0.25 M) was prepared in a similar way this solution was dispersed in toluene as the continuous phase, containing a dissolved mixture of Span 60 (Sorbitan monostearate) and Tween 80 (the most satisfactory volume ratio was 2 1) as emulsifier. Triethanolamine was used as the precipitating agent, while methanol was used for breaking the emulsion. A standard emulsion formulation had 150 ml of the water phase dispersed in 430 ml of the oil phase, with 10 g of Span 60 and 8 ml of Tween 80. The spherical particles of Y2O3 obtained by calcination at 700 C had a size range of 0.2-2 pm, peaking at around 0.6 pm. In another work, Celikkaya and Akinc [192] destabilized the system after precipitation by addition into acetone. 

Triethanolamine based esterquats are a mixture of mono- di- and tries-terquats. It is claimed that for softeners and hair conditioners an esterquat with at least 50% diester content is preferred [49]. Methyldiethanolamine-based esterquats are mainly diesterquats with only slight amounts of mono-esterquat. Monoesterquats are useful as cationic surfactants in hair care formulations [124]. Solid esterquats with improved dispersibility and emulsifying properties are obtained by quaternization of fatty acid triethanolamine esters in the presence of a dispersing agent or nonionic emulsifier [125-127]. Esterquats can be used in sprayable conditioning systems for hair care [128]. 

Esterquats with improved stability and biodegradability are prepared by quaternization of a fatty acid (partially hydrogenated tallow) alkanolamine ester with an alkylating agent (dimethyl sulfate) in the presence of nonionic emulsifiers [126] or cosmetic oils [159]. This procedure avoids problems associated with the use of lower alcohols as solvents in the reaction, such as low ignition point, poor emulsifying capacity for perfume oils, poor skin compatibility, and a defatting action on the skin. Formulations of a triethanolamine-based Coco esterquat, oil, and a Ci-Cg alcohol are useful in cosmetic and sunscreen formulations [160]. 

Synonyms Fatty acids, canola oil, compds, with triethanolamine Definition Triethanolamine salt of the fatty acids derived from canola oil Uses Emulsifier, foaming agent in cosmetics ManuWistrib. Somerset Cosmetic Co, Variati TEA cocoate... 

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