Triethanolamine stearate

Triethanolamine stearate, 22 727 acid soap and, 22 728 soap structure and, 22 729 Triethoxytitanium, 25 102 Triethyl aluminum (TEAL), 2 345t, 358, 20 529... 

Anionic surfactants are negatively charged in an aqueous solution (i.e., -COO-, -OSOj), and widely used because of their cost and performance. Sodium lauryl sulfate, the main component of which is sodium dodecyl sulfate, is highly soluble in water and commonly used to form oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Reacting an alkali hydroxide with a fatty acid (e.g., oleic acid) can produce alkali metal soaps (e.g., sodium oleate). Careful attention must be paid to the pH of the dispersion medium and the presence of multivalent metals (see Section 4.2.5). Alkali earth metal soaps (e.g., calcium oleate) produce stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions because of their low water solubility and are produced by reacting oleic acid with calcium hydroxide. Triethanolamine stearate produces stable O/W emulsions in situ by reacting triethanolamine in aqueous solution with melted stearic acid at approximately 65°C (e.g., vanishing cream). 

Fong-Spaven, F., and Hollenbeck, R. G. (1986), Thermal rheological analysis of triethanolamine-stearate stabilized mineral oil in water emulsions, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 12, 289. 

The active portion of this class of emulsifiers is the anion. In general, these emulsifiers are more acid-stable and permit adjustment of the emulsion pH level to the desirable range of 4.5 and 6.5. Common examples include sodium lauryl sulfate and soaps such as triethanolamine stearate. Triethanolamine stearate is one of the most popular emulsifiers for creams and lotions in use today. It is usually prepared in situ during manufacture from stearic acid in the hot oil phase and from triethanolamine in the hot aqueous phase. The amount of triethanolamine controls the pH level of the resulting product. 

Amine soaps (based on triethanolamine, for example, triethanolamine stearate)... 

Practically insol in water misc With ether, aloohol, chloroform. Dissolves most fixed and volatile oils. Slowly dec (with formn of HCI) by light in the presence of moisture. Trichloroethylene for medicinal purposes may contain some thymol or ammonium carbonate (not more than 20 mg/100 ml) as a stabilizer. Industrial grades of trichloroethylene may contain other stabilizers such as triethanolamine stearate and cresol. LEV orally in rats 4.92 ml/kg LC (4 hrs) in rats 8000 ppm (Smyth). 

Common emulsifiers were tested in over 1,200 eczema patients in Finland (Hannuksela et al. 1976 b). Allergic reactions were found in 21% of those tested, the great majority of the patients were also sensitive to other substances. The emulsifiers responsible for the positive reactions in 0.3%-0.7% of the cases were Lanet-te (sorbitan sesquioleate), the Spans (polyoxyethylene oxypropylene stearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative and triethanolamine stearate. Tweens were positive in only two cases. Maibach and Connant (1977) reported contact urticaria to polysorbate 60 (Tween 60). Sorbitan monolaurate in a hydrocortisone cream (Alphaderm) caused allergic contact dermatitis in a woman after treatment with Alphaderm for 1 week (Finn and Forsyth 1975). 

CAS 4568-28-9 EINECS/ELINCS 224-945-5 Synonyms Octadecanoic acid, compd. with 2,2, 2"-nitrilotris[ethanol] (1 1) Stearic acid, compd. with 2,2, 2"-nitrilotriethanol (1 1) Triethanolamine stearate Trihydroxyethylamine stearate Definition Triethanolamine salt of stearic acid Empiricai C23H51NO5 Formuia (HOCH2CH2)3N HOOCC16H35 Properties Cream-colored wax-like solid faint fatty odor sol. in methanol, ethanol, min. and veg. oils ... 

Triethanolamine sorbate. See TEA-sorbate Triethanolamine stearate. See TEA-stearate Triethanolamine sulfate. See TEA-sulfate Triethanolamine tallate. See TEA-tallate Triethanolamine tridecylbenzenesulfonate. See TEA-tridecylbenzenesulfonate Triethanolamine undecylenoyl hydrolyzed animal protein. See TEA-undecenoyl hydrolyzed collagen Triethanolammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. See TEA-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Triethanolammonium lauryl sulfate. See TEA-lauryl sulfate... 

An acid soap of 2 1 complex ratio was discovered recently between triethanolamine stearate and stearic acid (13). In water the acid soap forms a lamellar liquid crystal phase at high temperatures, above 60°C, and transforms to a lamellar gel phase on cooling. The gel phase, however, is not stable at ambient temperature due to the occurrence of the hydrolysis reaction which converts the soap back to stearic acid which precipitates in the triethanolamine aqueous solution. A polymorphism of C, E, and possibly A forms of stearic acid crystals were found resulting from the hydrolysis reaction (8). 

S. Zhu and et al., Interaction of Acid Soap of Triethanolamine Stearate and Stearic Acid with Water , paper submitted to Langmuir, 2006. 

S. Zhu and R. Peschar, Structure Determination of Triethanolamine Stearate by X-Ray Diffraction paper in preparation. 

Triethanolamine stearate. See TEA-stearate Triethanolamine tallate. See TEA-tallate... 

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