The Toxic Substances Control Act

Before discussing the regulatory initiatives underway in Canada and the European Union, let us consider first the statutory framework that governs the regulation of toxic chemicals in the United States. While a number of laws regulate toxic chemicals (Table 4.1), the centerpiece of toxics regulation is the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (Cornell University Law School 2009 U.S. EPA 2009). Under TSCA, businesses are required to report to EPA any chemical that is manufactured or 

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The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Information on health and safety considerations cited herein for Ryton PPS powders and pellets can be found in Reference 157. Ryton PPS [26125-40-6] is listed in the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Inventory of Chemicals. 

Toxic Substances Control Act. EPA regulates the manufacture, use, and exposure to ha2ardous or toxic chemicals under a number of laws. Eor the chemical industry, the law of prime concern is the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) (10), which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976. The two main goals of TSCA are acquisition of sufficient information to identify and evaluate potential ha2ards from chemical substances, and regulation of the production, use, distribution, and disposal of these substances. 

Vinyl chloride is Hsted as "ethene, chloro-" on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory and on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL). It is Hsted as "chloroethylene" on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), bearing the identification number 2008 310 (149). 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was enacted in 1976 to identify and control toxic chemical ha2ards to human health and the environment. One of the main provisions of TSCA was to estabUsh and maintain an inventory of all chemicals in commerce in the United States for the purpose of regulating any of the chemicals that might pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment. An initial inventory of chemicals was estabhshed by requiring companies to report to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) all substances that were imported, manufactured, processed, distributed, or disposed of in the United States. Over 50,000 chemical substances were reported. PoUowing this initial inventory, introduction of all new chemical substances requires a Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) process. To be included in the PMN are the identity of the new chemical, the estimated first year and maximum production volume, manufacture and process information, a description of proposed use, potential release to the environment, possible human exposure to the new substance, and any health or environmental test data available at the time of submission. In the 10 years that TSCA has been in effect, the USEPA has received over 10,000 PMNs and up to 10% of the submissions each year are for dyes (382)... 

J. Houk, M. J. Doa, M. Dezube, and J. M. Rovinski, "Evaluation of Dyes Submitted Under the Toxic Substance Control Act New Chemicals Programme," Colour Chemistry, Elsevier AppHed Science, London and New York, 1991. 

Toxic Substances Control Act, 1976 The two major goals of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), passed by Congress in... 

Another section of the EPA, the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPT), has recently updated and harmonized its testing guidelines for evaluating the developmental and reproductive effects of pesticides and industrial chemicals to include an assessment of endocrine disrupting properties. These guidelines will be used in future testing of pesticides under both the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 was enacted by Congress to test, regulate, and screen all chemicals produced or imported into the U.S. Many thousands of chemicals and their compounds are developed each year with unknown toxic or dangerous characteristics. To prevent tragic consequences, TSCA requires that any chemical that reaches the consumer market be tested for possible toxic effects prior to commercial manufacture. Any chemical that poses health and... 

Operating under contract to EPA, the TCSA Hotline provides technical assistance and information about programs under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and the Lead Exposure Reduction Act. Hours 8 30 a.m. - 5 00 p.m. EST weekdays. 

Fourteen formulations of chemical alternatives were submitted to EPA under confidentiality and they were assessed based on numerous human health and ecotoxicity endpoints in addition to bioaccumulation potential and environmental persistence. They were also screened for potential exposure to workers, users and the aquatic environment. Where data gaps existed, EPA experts used models and chemical analogs to estimate the hazard for a particular endpoint. The literature and test data reviews were published in the final report, Environmentally Preferable Options for Furniture Fire Safety Low Density Furniture Foam . In addition, each hazard endpoint was ranked with a concern level (High, Moderate or Low) based on the criteria used by the EPA s New Chemicals Program to rate the concern level of new chemicals submitted under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). As seen in Figure 8.2, where the hazard endpoint rankings are bold, the value is based on experimental data. Where the hazard endpoints are presented in italic font, the value is estimated based on models or chemical analogs. In this way, detailed hazard information was summarized and presented in a clear and concise format. 

TSCATS is an online index to unpublished, nonconfidential studies covering chemical testing results and adverse effects of chemicals on health and ecological systems. The studies are submitted by US industry to EPA under several sections of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). There are four types of documents in the database Section 4 chemical testing results, Section 8(d) health and safety studies, Section 8(e) substantial risk of injury to health or the environment notices, and voluntary documents submitted to EPA known as a For Your Information (FYI) notice. 

Most of the provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 (PL 94-469) rely in some way on risk assessment of chemicals. Under the reporting requirements of the statute, any manufacturer, processor, or distributor of a chemical for commercial purposes must inform the EPA immediately after discovering any information which "reasonably supports the conclusion" that a chemical substance or mixture "presents a substantial risk of injury to health or to the environment" unless the EPA Administrator has been adequately informed already. EPA is mandated to establish regulations for testing new or existing substances when it is determined that there is not enough health or environmental information, that testing is necessary to develop such information and that the chemical or mixture "may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment."... 

RTECS EJ6225000. The reference number in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). 1-Bromobutane is on the inventory of the EPA according to the Toxic Substances Control Act, PL9469, October 11, 1976 (TSCA). 

The set of 469 chemicals used in this study was obtained from the Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk (ASTER) database [50] and it represents a subset of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory [51] for which VP was... 

A second part of the history of TSCA was prepared by the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) — "The First Four Years of the Toxic Substances Control Act — A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency s Progress in Implementing TSCA." This review completed and summarized the "significant developments in the interpretation and implementation of TSCA since its enactment and CMA s assessment of them."... 

It was further concluded that the Toxic Substances Control Act is a new way of looking at environmental problems, a systematic and comprehensive approach, not limited to pollutants classified by their occurrence, as in air or water. TSCA contemplates the flow of potentially toxic substances from their origin, through use, to disposal. 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) refers to "new chemicals" as those not on the TSCA Inventory of Chemical Substances which lists about 55,000 existing commercial chemicals. All new chemicals must enter EPA s premanufacture notification program (PMN) for review before manufacture. This program is the most complete record of development of new chemicals by U.S. industry over the past 2 1/2 years. To date over 1,000 notices have been submitted, many including confidential business information (CBI). Despite the CBI, it is possible to summarize EPA s experience with new chemical substances and to evaluate the PMN program and its impact on product innovation. That is essentially the aim of this paper. 

Council on Wage and Price Stability, "Premanufacture Notification under the Toxic Substances Control Act "... 

Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, "Impact of the Toxic Substances Control Act on Innovation in the Chemical Specialties Manufacturing Industry", January... 

The goal of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is to provide authority to regulate chemical substances which present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. An important feature of TSCA requires the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine such data on existing chemicals and, when it is insufficient, to direct industry to conduct tests. 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was signed into law on October 11, 1976 and became effective on January 1, 1977. 

Legislative History of the Toxic Substances Control Act," prepared by the Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division of the Library of Congress for the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 

CRAC is the basic client organization within CMA. It consists of 15 company representatives, one-third of which are replaced each year by new representatives. This standing technical committee is served by CMA staff, outside consultants and outside counsel, as appropriate. While the various sections of the Toxic Substances Control Act are interrelated and interdependent this se c t i o n - b y - s e c t i o n task group structure has so far proved extremely effective in dealing with the various proposals which EPA has issued. Our key organizational theme, therefore, has been to utilize a multidisciplinary team concept to... 

The Toxic Substances Control Act or TSCA, contains no less than 60.authorities for developing or disseminating information. These can be categorized into 15 significant classes of information of which 8 related to requirements by industry, as shown on Table 1. 

Monsanto s experience illustrates both the positive and negative impacts on one chemical company under TSCA sections 5 and 8. For a broader perspective, refer to the Chemical Manufacturers Association publication "The First Four Years of the Toxic Substance Control Act." - The authors views are also presented relative to EPA s management of information under section 10. 

Corporations have responded to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) by traditional means such as added personnel and facilities as well as by new and innovative initiatives such as new management functions, new expertise in toxicology, and new computerized information systems. The size of a corporation as measured by annual sales is the most important determiner of how an organization responds to TSCA s new demands large corporations generally add new personnel and facilities while smaller corporations tend to add TSCA requirements to existing jobs. None of these responses can be ascribed to TSCA alone since corporations are responding to a myriad of environmental/health laws with similar demands. 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was signed into law in late 1976. It was a bitterly-debated piece of legislation it arose at the height of the combined environmental concern and "cancerphobia" fears distinctive of that time. In order to understand how corporations have responded to TSCA, it is important to recall the situation at that time in the knowledge of carcinogenesis, in the environmental movement, in the political scene and, finally, in the corporations themselves. 

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