Toxic Chemicals Control Law

The Korean Existing Chemicals List (ECL) was established in 1991 under the Toxic Chemicals Control Law (TCCL).26 The ECL, published by the Minister of Environment, is current through 1994 and contains approximately 30,000 substances. Newly manufactured or imported chemicals are subject to a toxicity examination by the Ministry of Environment (MOE). 

Korea introduced Toxic Chemicals Control Law (TCCL) in 1990. This law was... 

Very recently, 2 more countries in the Asia-Pacific area have set in motion the mechanisms to establish chemical inventcxies. These are South Korea and the Philippines. In 1992, as part of their Toxic Chemicals Control Law , South Korea initiated the requirement to nominate candidate chemicals for their Existing Chemicals List the list closes for nominations on 31st December 1993. Similariy, embodied in the Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act (R.A.6%9,1990), the Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances was established. Again, the nomination period closes at the end of 1993 (see chapter by Knight). 

The Toxic Chemicals Control Law (TCCL) was enacted on 1 August 1990 to control chemical substances which are hazardous to human health or the environment, and in principle it has been enforced since 8 February 1991. All new chemical substances have to be notified to the Ministry of Environment (MoE) before being imported or manufactured, to enable the Chemical Substances Examination Committee (CSEC) to conduct a toxicity examination to decide if action is needed to prevent harmful effects from this substance. Existing chemical substances can also be re-evaluated to decide if their use should be controlled as a Toxic Chemical. A Guide for Chemical Manufacturers/Importers is available for the TCCL [37]. 

The Toxic Chemicals Control Law A Guide fw Chemical Manufacturers/ Importers , 1993, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. 

The MOE manages chemicals in Korea. The Toxic Chemicals Control Act (revised in 2004) is the basic law regarding chemicals management in Korea.86 The objective to this act is To prevent risk caused by chemicals to human health or the environment and to control hazardous chemicals so that everyone can live in a healthy environment. The major tasks of the Toxic Chemicals Control Act include the following ... 

Dunworth T (2013) The silent kUler toxic chemicals for law enforcement and the Chemical Weapons Convention. N Z Yearb Int Law 2012(10) 3 Peakes D (2002) Evaluating the CWC verification system. Disarmament forum 2002(4) 11 Grip L, Hart J (2009) The use of chemical weapons in the 1935-36 Italo-Ethiopian War. SIPRI Arms Control and Non-proliferation Programme, www.sipri.org/research/disatmament/ chemical/publications/ethiopiapaper/... 

This chapter explores those queshons, beginning with a discussion of one of the oldest chemical control laws, the US Toxic Substances Control Act. Readers should note that the discussions of laws and regulations that follow are intended simply to illuminate the question of why chemicals can be found throughout our environment and should not be construed as legal or regulatory advice. 

Toxic Substances Control Act, Public Law No. 469, 94th U.S. Congress Chemical Substance Inventory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Wasliiagton, D.C., 1975. 

Toxic Substances Control Act. EPA regulates the manufacture, use, and exposure to ha2ardous or toxic chemicals under a number of laws. Eor the chemical industry, the law of prime concern is the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) (10), which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976. The two main goals of TSCA are acquisition of sufficient information to identify and evaluate potential ha2ards from chemical substances, and regulation of the production, use, distribution, and disposal of these substances. 

Act on the Evaluation of Chemical Substances and Regulation of Their Manufacture, etc. (Act No. 117 of October 16,1973 amended in 2009)], as well as their continued use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [Kavlock R, Dix D. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 13(2-4) 197-217, 2010] and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) TSCA (1976) Toxic Substances Control Act. United States Publ. Law 94-469, 90 Stat 2003, USA],... 

The decade of the 1970 s has seen mushrooming growth in concern for environmental health and the broader issues of the natural environment. This attitude is reflected in much legislation. Following incidents involving chemical pollutants, and recognition of chemical hazards and potential impacts of toxic substances, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was added to prior law. Objectives of TSCA and its impacts on the chemical industry are addressed elsewhere within this symposium. The present paper addresses education to meet the mandates of TSCA. 

Besides, the list also includes the Toxic Substances Control Act in the USA (1976). the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (1994 ), the Chemical Substances Control Law in Japan (1973), and the Australian Chemicals Act (1989). These regulations, which also affect pigments, demand that all new products be registered. Various toxicological test results have to be presented, depending on the country. The discussed legal requirements are supplemented by many other more or less specific environmental acts, not only in the countries thus mentioned, but also in practically all other industrialized nations. 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976, PL-94-469, is an attempt by the Government to provide a general law insuring that chemicals produced in the USA or imported into this country do as little damage and harm to health and the environment as possible. 

The U.S. Congress enacted the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (TSCA, Public Law [Pub. L.] 94 69) in 1976, to become effective 1 January 1977. The act authorizes US-EPA to secure information on all new and existing chemical substances and to control any of these substances that could cause an unreasonable risk to public health or the environment. Dmgs, cosmetics, foods, food additives, pesticides, and nuclear materials are exempt from TSCA (US-EPA 2006a). 

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and generalize the various pollution, health, and environmental problems especially specific to the chemical industry and to place in perspective government laws and regulations as well as industry efforts to control these problems. A brief survey of air and water pollution problems will be given, but these are characteristic of all industry and the topics are too vast to be covered adequately in this book. We will be more concerned with toxic chemical pollution and its control and will spend some time on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA, TOSCA) of 1976 and the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) list begun in 1988. 

Although general air and water pollution and controls are affected by the chemical industry, these problems and solutions are not unique to our industry. Certainly the area of toxic chemicals is unique. Because this problem is so diverse it is by itself a series of complex pollution problems. We have discussed some of these already (see Table 25.1). We now attempt to summarize these and other toxic chemical problems in chronological order. This includes many examples of pollution caused more specifically by the chemical industry or a closely allied industry as well as the laws and controls that have been enacted by governments and the industry to solve some of these unique problems. 

Probably the law that has specifically affected the chemical industry the most is the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Since it was signed on October 11, 1976 and became effective on January 1, 1977, it has caused many changes in the industry and will create further modifications in the years to come. The basic thrust of the law is threefold (1) to develop data on the effects of chemicals on our health and environment, (2) to grant authority to the EPA to regulate substances presenting an unreasonable risk, and (3) to assure that this authority is exercised so as not to impede technological innovation. 

As most of you know, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was enacted in October, 1976. Several factors were critical in the drive for this law. First, there was an increasing awareness of the threat chemicals can present to human health and the environment. This threat was (and is) not adequately understood because little data is available and the state-of-the-art in assessing risk is rudimentary. This element of the unknown added to the unacceptability of the situation. 

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was passed in 1976 after much debate in Congress, despite intense lobbying by chemical manufacturers (Davis, 1993). It was the first environmental law that tried to look at the other end of the pipe. In other words, it tries to prevent the manufacture of toxic substances rather than try to control their discharge. Prior to the TSCA, the USEPA was solely in a reactive stance and able to regulate chemicals only after the damage was already done. 

Toxicity assessment is the determination of the potential of any substance to act as a poison, the conditions under which this potential will be realized, and the characterization of its action. Risk assessment, however, is a quantitative assessment of the probability of deleterious effects under given exposure conditions. Both are involved in the regulation of toxic chemicals. Regulation is the control, by statute, of the manufacture, transportation, sale, or disposal of chemicals deemed to be toxic after testing procedures or according to criteria laid down in applicable laws. 

As industrial chemicals, FWAs are regulated by national laws such as the Toxic Substance Control Act in the United States and the relevant classification, packaging, and labeling directives in the European Community. For specific applications such as food packaging, the national regulatory requirements must be complied with. 

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Law passed in 1976 that governs the regulation of toxic substances in commerce, with the objective of preventing human health and environmental problems before they occur. The manufacturing, processing, or distribution in commerce of toxic substances may be limited or banned if EPA finds, based on results of toxicity testing and exposure assessments, that there is an unreasonable risk of injury to human health or the environment. Important hazardous chemicals regulated under TSCA include, for example, dioxins, PCBs, and asbestos. 

The Environmental Protection Law is a comprehensive law on environmental protection. Article 33, which is directly related to management of POPs, states, The production, storage, transportation, sale and use of toxic chemicals and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the relevant state provisions so as to prevent environmental pollution. In addition, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes have all put forward pollution prevention requirements. Previous experience can also be used in the management of POP-like materials. Presently, China has no laws that specifically address management of POPs. 

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