Controlling toxic substances

Under Title I of TSCA (Section 4), manufacturers, importers, and processors of chemical substances and mixtures may be required by EPA to obtain health and environmental data on their health and environmental effects if  

TSCA (Section 5) also provides EPA with the authority to regulate and control the introduction of new chemicals either through manufacture or import, or the processing of an existing chemical for a significant new use. Such manufacturers and importers must file a Premanufacture Notification (PMN) 90 days before producing or importing the chemical. Once a PMN is filed, EPA assesses the information and determines if the chemical poses an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. An additional 90 days may be re- 

TSCA provides specific guidance and requirements for data gathering and reporting. This includes information such as production volume, plant size, amount lost to the environment during production or import, quantity of releases, and worker exposure information pertaining to controlled or uncontrolled releases. Companies are also required to maintain records of allegations of signifieant health or environmental effects (Section 8). 

Since 1979, EPA has maintained and published a list of chemical substances manufactured, imported, or processed for eommercial purposes. This list, known as the TSCA Inventory, currently has almost 80,000 ehemicals. 

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Under earlier laws US-EPA had the authority to control toxic substances only after damage had occurred. The earlier laws did not require the screening of toxic substances before they entered the marketplace. TSCA closed the gap in the earlier laws by requiring that the health and environmental effects of all new chemicals be reviewed before they are manufacmred for commercial purposes. TSCA has four titles ... 

The Ministry of Industry has established quality standards and control of industries and factories involved with chemicals, particularly those generating hazardous or toxic chemicals under the provision of the Factory Act of 1969 (amended in 1972, 1975, 1979, and 1992). The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has the authority to control toxic substances in agriculture, particularly pesticides. Under the same Act, the Ministry of Public Health also controls the toxic substances used as consumer products and for some purposes of human health. After 1992, those ministries included a lot of hazardous substances in the Ministerial Notification by periodically following the evaluation of such substances, either old or newly introduced. 

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act charges Environment Canada with controlling toxic substances, reducing pollution, and eliminating persistent bioaccumulating toxic substances. Enforcement officers are given the power to issue environmental protection compliance orders on the spot to stop illegal activity and correct any violations of the act. 

Table 5. Grignard Reagents Listed on the U.S. EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) List...

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Toxic Substances Control Act, Public Law No. 469, 94th U.S. Congress Chemical Substance Inventory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Wasliiagton, D.C., 1975. 

Hazardous Waste Reduction Checklist and Assessment Manualfor the Metal FinishingJndusty, California Department of Health Services, Alternative Technology Division, Toxic Substances Control Program, Sacramento, Calif., 1990. 

Clean Air Act and its amendments ia 1970, 1977, and 1990 1967 Air Quahty Standards and National Air Pollution Acts and 1970 National Environmental PoHcy Act) (2) better waste disposal practices (1965 SoHd Waste Disposal Act 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) (see Wastes, industrial Waste treatment, hazardous wastes) (i) reduced noise levels (1972 Noise Control Act) (4) improved control of the manufacture and use of toxic materials (1976 Toxic Substances Control Act) and (5) assignment of responsibiUty to manufacturers for product safety (1972 Consumer Product Safety Act) (15,16). 

Information on health and safety considerations cited herein for Ryton PPS powders and pellets can be found in Reference 157. Ryton PPS [26125-40-6] is listed in the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Inventory of Chemicals. 

All the PMBs are Hsted on the U.S. EPA s Toxic Substances Control Act NonConfidential Chemical Substances Inventory (Table 8). In the early to mid-1980s, pseudocumene, mesitylene, hemimellitene, and trimethylbenzene were coveted by TSCA Section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR) reporting requirements (22) and by TSCA Section 8(d) for health and safety data (23). Mesitylene is the subject of a test rule subacute oral toxicity and subchtonic oral toxicity in tats were underway in 1994 (24). The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) allows monitoring for pseudocumene and mesitylene at the discretion of the State (25). Of the PMBs, only pseudocumene is subject to SARA Tide III section 313 annual release reporting (26). 

A. McRae and L. Whelchel, eds.. Toxic Substances Control Sourcebook, Aspen Systems Corporation, 1978, p. 124. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

Toxic Substances Control Act. EPA regulates the manufacture, use, and exposure to ha2ardous or toxic chemicals under a number of laws. Eor the chemical industry, the law of prime concern is the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) (10), which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976. The two main goals of TSCA are acquisition of sufficient information to identify and evaluate potential ha2ards from chemical substances, and regulation of the production, use, distribution, and disposal of these substances. 

Toxic Substances Control Act, Chemical Substances Inventory further information can be obtained from Industry Assistance Office, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 

The Registry of the Effects of Toxic Substances, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, PubHc Health Services, Center for Disease Control, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C., 1977, updated quarterly. 

Styrene is Hsted in the U.S. Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Inventory of Chemicals. It is not confirmed as a carcinogen but is considered a suspect carcinogen. The recommended exposure limits are OSHA PEL 50 ppm, ACGIH TLV 50 ppm. For higher concentrations,... 

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)... 

There are a multitude of governmental requirements for the manufacture and handling of isocyanates. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates testing and risk management for TDl and MDl under Toxic Substance Control Administration (TSCA). Annual reports on emissions of both isocyanates are required by the EPA under SARA 313. 

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