Testing procedure for

Several countries have developed their own standard test methods for cellular plastics, and the International Organization for Standards (ISO) Technical Committee on Plastics TC-61 has been developing international standards. Information concerning the test methods for any particular country or the ISO procedures can be obtained in the United States from the American National Standards Institute. The most complete set of test procedures for cellular plastics, and the most used of any in the world, is that developed by the ASTM these procedures are pubUshed in new editions each year (128). There have been several reviews of ASTM methods and others pertinent to cellular plastics (32,59,129—131). 

The octane number requirement (ONR) of a car is the octane number which causes barely audible, ie, trace knock when driven by a trained rater. The Coordinating Research Council (CRC), a research organi2ation funded joindy by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA), has defined test procedures for measuring ONR. Each car is driven under a set of light and heavy accelerations until the most sensitive driving mode is determined. Then a series of fuels is mn in the car until trace knock is determined. Each year, CRC members measure ONR of more than 100 cars and pubHsh the results. 

Monitor Each CCP. It is necessary to estabflsh a regular schedule for monitoring of each CCP. The schedule could be, for example, once per shift, hourly, or even continuous. Preferably, a pubflshed testing procedure for the monitored parameter should be available. 

Other Measurements. Other tests include free moisture content, rate of dissolution and undissolved residue in acids and alkaH, resin and plasticizer absorption, suspension viscosity, and specific surface area. Test procedures for these properties are developed to satisfy appHcation-related specifications. 

Equipment Tests. Procedures for rigorous, detailed efficiency determination are available (ASME Test Codes) but are rarely used. For the objective of defining conservation potentials, relatively simple measurements are adequate. For fired heaters, stack temperature and excess O2 ia stack should be measured for turbiaes, pressures (ia and out) and temperatures (ia and out) are needed. 

Quality Spedfications and Test Procedures for Bottlers Granulated and Eiquid Sugar, National Soft Drink Association, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

SAE Standard Test Procedure for Storage J537—-Jun 86," SME KecommendedPractices, SAE, New York, June 1986. 

Source references for frequentiy used test procedures for determining properties of activated carbon are shown in Table 4. A primary source is the Jinnual Book ofyimerican Societyfor Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards (61). Other usehil sources of standards and test procedures include manufacturers of activated carbon products, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) (33,34), and the Department of Defense (54). 

Static performance measurements related to positioner/ac tuator operation are conformity, measured accuracy, hysteresis, dead baud, repeatability, and locked stem-pressure gain. Definitions and standardized test procedures for determining these measurements can be found in ISA-S75.13-1989, Method of Evaluating the Performance of Positioners with Analog Input Signals and Pneumatic Output . 

Performance testing of heat exchangers is described in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Standard Testing Procedure for Heat Exchangers, Sec. 1. Sensible Heat Transfer in SheU-and-Tube-Type Equipment. ... 

Control of an evaporator requires more than proper instrumentation. Operator logs snould reflect changes in basic characteristics, as by use of pseuao heat-transfer coefficients, which can detect obstructions to heat flow, hence to capacity. These are merely the ratio of any convenient measure of heat flow to the temperature drop across each effect. Dilution by wash and seal water should be monitored since it absorbs evaporative capacity. Detailed tests, routine measurements, and operating problems are covered more fuUy in Testing Procedure for Evaporators (loc. cit.) and by Standiford [Chem. Eng. Prog., 58(11), 80 (1962)]. 

AIChE Standard Testing Procedure for Solids Mixing Equipment, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York. 

A standard testing procedure for solids-mixing equipment is available (Ref. 1). This contains details and references pertaining to sampling from solids mixtures for both batch and continuous mixing. 

See the American Institute of Chemical Engineers classifier test procedure for a sample calculation of classifier selectivity. This example is plotted in Fig. 20-14. 

The immobilization of the enzymes on various solid carriers gives perfect possibilities to develop not only sensitive and selective, but also rapid and simple test procedures for different compounds determination with visual detection of the analytical signal. 

Test procedures for poly-phase induction motors. 

Test procedure for, evaluation of system of insulating materials for random wound a.c. electrical machines. 

Conformance test procedure for instrument transformers (CTs and electromagnetic VTs)... 

ANSI/IEEE 115-1/1995 Test procedures for synchronous machines, acceptance and performance testing ... 

Philosophy of quality systems Recommended tests Procedure for type tests Procedure for routine tests Procedure for field tests An introduction to earthquake engineering and testing methods... 

Crankcase emissions no crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere. Fuel evaporative emissions 2 gm per test procedure for vehicles beginning with 1972. 

State of California Air Resource Board, California Fuel Evaporative Emissions Standard and Test Procedure for 1970 Model Light Duty Vehicles, April 16, 1968. 

Lactory Mntnal Research (formerly Lactory Mntnal Research Corporation) pnblished a test procedure for flame arresters for storage tank vent pipes in 1990 (LMRC 1990). The Lactory Mntnal Research test protocol... 

Flame transmission test procedures for deflagration, detonation, and bnrning tests are discussed in all of the above sections. 

EMRC (Eactory Mutual Research Corporation) Class 6061. 1990. FMRC Test Procedure for Flame Arresters for Storage Tank Vent Pipes. Eactory Mutual Research Corporation, Norwood, MA. 

Appendix B to Part 154 is a standard specification for tank vent (end-of-line) deflagration flame arresters. It does contain test procedures for these types of flame arresters. An end-of-line flame arrester mnst be able to arrest three atmospheric deflagrations as well as to withstand two honrs of continnons bnrning withont flashback. 

The second standard is a procedure for examination and testing of detonation flame arresters (FMRC 1999). Testing to ascertain ability to stop deflagrations and detonations is conducted in accordance with the USCG requirements as outlined in 33 CFR, Appendix A to Part 154. However, the endurance burning test is conducted in accordance with the FMRC test procedure for flame arresters for storage tank vent pipes. 

A new CEN European standard, EN 12874, was issued in 2001. It will be used by all European nations that belong to the European Union (EU) that are members of the Comite Enropeean de Normalisation (CEN), as well as other non-EU nations that are members of the CEN. It will supersede BS 7224 in England, FEB and BAM in Germany, and standards in use in other European countries. This is a very comprehensive standard covering types of flame arresters not covered in US, Canadian, and other standards. It contains test procedures for the following types of flame arresters ... 

Test procedures for liquid product detonadon arresters, hydranlic flame arresters, high velocity vent valves, and flow controlled apertures (velocity flame stoppers) allow the rise of these kinds of flame arresters as an alternative to standard static fixed element dry type flame arresters. This corild be especially risefnl in high flow applica-... 

The IMO standard MSC/Circ. 677 (1994) provides testing procedures for end-of-line deflagration and in-line detonation flame arresters, as well as high velocity vent valves for use on cargo tanks in tanker ships. Its development is discussed in Section 2.3.4. 

The federal test procedure for new vehicle certification IS limited to a maximum acceleration rate of 3.3 mph/sccond and a maximum speed of 57 mph (and even that speed is for a veiy short duration). Based upon extensive data collected in Baltimore, Spokane, and Atlanta, more than 8.5 percent of all speeds exceeded 57 mph, and more than 88 percent of trips contained acceleration activity exceeding 4 mph/sec-ond. In fact, more than one-third of the trips monitored included an acceleration rate at some point during the trip of more than 7 mpli/second. Similarly, more than 15 percent of the deceleration activity exceeded -3.5 mph/second. Hence, enrichment events are significant in real-world emissions inventories. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1996). Final Regulations for Revisions to the Federal Test Procedure for Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Federal Register. 61 54852-54906. 

The U.S. Department ofEnergy develops test procedures for efficiency measurements and sets minimum efficiency standards for furnaces, boilers, and water heaters. Information on energy efficiency of buildings and equipment is available from the DOE. 

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