International developments

D. L. Klass, ed., A. Directory of U.S. Renewable Energy Technology Vendors, Biomass, Photovoltaics, Solar Thermal, Wind, Biomass Energy Research Association, Washington, D.C., 1990, for U.S. Agency for International Development, 74 pp. 

The classic strategies are weU known acquisition, internal development, licensing, and joint ventures. 

As a general rule, acquisitions are considered for estabHshed products with above-average growth potentials. Often, entry by acquisition is more timely and profitable than internal development and subsequent plant constmction. EoUowing the latter course might take 5 to 10 years, during which time the highest return on investment (ROI) is lost. 

Internal development is usuaHy recommended if the company has a unique process or product for an evolving market or a unique, less expensive process for an existing product, licensing is resorted to when entry is desked and no suitable acquisitions can be found but a Hcensor of a suitable process exists. 

In 1972, the Agency for International Development (AID) cooperated with the Sulphur Institute to prepare a program to evaluate the feasibihty of using the sulfur surface-bond technique in developing countries. Afterwards AID awarded a contract to Southwest Research Institute to constmct houses in South America and Africa using this technique. Under the contract, about 60 houses have been completed (62). 

Fig. 15. Ion movements in the electro dialysis process. Courtesy U.S. Agency for International Development, (a) Many of the substances which make up the total dissolved soHds in brackish water are strong electrolytes. When dissolved in water, they ionize ie, the compounds dissociate into ions which carry an electric charge. Typical of the ions in brackish water are Cl ,, HCO3, , and. These ions tend to attract the dipolar water molecules...

Corrosion standards, including test methods, in use in Europe, including national, ISO, ASTM, NACE and CEN documents up to the year 1990 are described in the conference proceedings Corrosion Standards European and International Developments , P. McIntyre and A. D. Mercer, eds. The Institute of Metals, London (1991). 

C8. Costello, C. P., and Adams, J. M., Burnout heat fluxes in pool boiling at high accelerations, Intern. Develop. Heat Transfer Pt. II, Paper No. 30. ASME (1961). 

Nelson RA, Pasamehmetoglu KO (1992) Quenching phenomena. In Hewitt GF, Delhaye JM, Zu-ber N (eds) Post-dryout Heat transfer. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 39-184 Owens WL (1961) Two-phase pressure gradient. In ASME International Developments in Heat Transfer, Part II. ASME, New York... 

Whether life sciences IT departments emphasize internal development or external licensing of software, and whether internal development is centralized or delocalized. This is clearly related to the level of homogeneity across an organization and is an issue generally held in tension between extremes. Centralized development and external licensing is attractive in that it allows for efficiency of scale and helps maintain... 

D. Rodbard, Mathematics and statistics of hgand assays an illustrated guide, in Ligand Assay Analysis of International Developments on Isotopic and Nonisotopic Immunoassay, ed. J. Langan and J.J. Clapp, Masson, New York, pp. 45-99 (1981). 

Convection Flow of Water, in International Developments in Heat Transfer, vol. 2, pp. 262-269, ASME, New York. (5)... 

Raynolds, L.T., Murray, D. and Leigh Taylor, P. (2004). Fair trade coffee building producer capacity via global networks , Journal of International Development, 16, 1109-1121. 

Internal development, 15 639 Internal diffusion, 9 97 Internal energy, as a property of steam, 23 204... 

Supported by State and Hatch funds allocated to the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, by a grant from the Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program (U. S. Agency for International Development), and by funds from the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts. 

Oovlo, F. E. Williams, C. E. Zoaka, L. International Develop. Research Center Public. IDRC-055e, 1976 pp. 1-96. 

A study by the United States Agency for International Development on the use of sugar cane residues for power in Thailand, Jamaica, the Philippines and Costa Rica found that cane power can have lower unit costs than most of the other power generation options available in these countries. In Thailand the study found that a new cane power plant could supply power at about 0,030 per kilowatt hour. This was well below the cost of power generated in that country with imported coal at 0,044 per kilo-... 

Killing of U.S. Diplomat in Amman — As he walked to his car in front of his home in Amman, Jordan, American diplomat Laurence Foley was shot at least seven times in the head and chest by a lone gunman at close range. Foley was an administrator at the U.S. Agency for International Development. The gunman escaped. It is believed that the attack may have been coordinated by al-Qaida or its sympathizers. 

Ermans AM, Nbulamoko NM, Delange F, et al., eds. 1980. Role of cassava in the etiology of endemic goitre and cretinism. Ottawa, Canada International Development Research Centre, 1-182. 

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