Earthquake engineering

We define below some common terms in earthquake engineering to clarify test requirements and methods ... 

Now that it is possible to establish test facilities in a laboratory to simulate the time history of an earthquake seismic tests are conducted by creating the ground movements in the test object. Other methods, such as by analysis or by combined analysis and testing, are also available. Refer to IEEE 344 and lEC 60980 for more details. For this purpose a shake table, able to simulate the required seismic conditions (RRS) is developed on which the test object is mounted and its performance observed under the required shock conditions. Since it is not easy to create such conditions in a laboratory, there are only a few of these facilities available. The better equipped laboratories are in Japan, the USA, the UK, Greece, Germany, India and China. In India the Earthquake Engineering Department (EQD) of the University of Roorkee (UoR) is equipped with these facilities. 

Basu, S., Kumar, A. and Lawama, K.K., System identification of a circuit breaker pole . Proceedings of Tenth Symposium on Earthquake Engineering, Roorkee, pp. 979 9 (1994). 

If) Shun Zo Okamoto. Introduction to Earthquake Engineering, University of Tokyo Press, Japan (1973). 

Dr. Ashok Kumar Mathur, Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee Dr H.K. Chand, formerly Professor of Geography, Bhagalpur University... 

Seismic effects and earthquake engineering is covered in this part to study the behaviour of an object under seismic conditions and its suitability for critical installations. The formation of the earth and movements of tectonic plates that cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are described,... 

Philosophy of quality systems Recommended tests Procedure for type tests Procedure for routine tests Procedure for field tests An introduction to earthquake engineering and testing methods... 

EQRISK, a FORTRAN code developed by McGuire, 1976. It is available from the National " ormation Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. 

Eagling, D. G., editor, 1996, Seismic Safety Manual A Practical Guide for Facility Managers and Earthquake Engineers, UCRL-MA-125085, September. 

Anagnostopoulos, S. A., and R. V. Whitman. "On Human Loss Prediction in Buildings During Earthquakes." In Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. New Delhi, India. 1977. 

Matrix Analysis of Structural Dynamics Applications and Earthquake Engineering... 

Bresler B, Bertero W. Influence of high strain rate and cychc loading of imconfined and confined concrete in compression. Heidebrecht A C, Emery J J, Speirs J W, et al, ed. Proceedings of Second Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Ontario, Hamilton McMaster University 1975, p. 1 13... 

Perspectives of the state space with several test paths (a) void ratio versus effective normal stress and (b) shear stress versus effective normal stress. (After Sangrey, D. A. et al. Cyclic loading of sands, silts and clays. Proceedings of the ASCE Special Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Pasadena, CA, 2, pp. 836-851,1978. Reprinted with permission of ASCE.)... 

Comparison of dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/G versus strain ratio (y/fr) for various soil types and ranges of marine deposits. (Data from Fang, H.Y. et al.. Dynamic shear modulus of soft silt, Intermtioml Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, University of Missouri, RoUa, MO,... 

Sangrey, D.A., Castro, C., Poulos, S.J., and France, J.W. 1978. Cyclic loadings of sands, silts, and clays. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2 836-851. 

Chaney, R.C. 1978. Saturation effects on the cyclic strengths of sand. Proceedings, Speciality Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, ASCE, Pasadena, CA, 1, p>p. 342-358. 

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. 1975. Engineering Aspects of the Lima, Peru Earthquake of October 3,1974, Report prepared by EERI Reconnaissance Team, May. 

Hardin, B.O. 1978. The nature of stress-strain behavior for soils. In Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics 1, ASCE 3-90. 

Japan National Committee on Earthquake Engineering 1965. Niigata earthquake of 1964, Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, 3, pp. S-78-S-108. 

Kramer, S.L. 1996. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall. 653p. 

National Research Council, Committee on Earthquake Engineering 1985. Liquefaction of Soils During-Earthquakes, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 240. 

Seed, H.B., Arango, L, and Chan, C.K. 1975. Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Potential during Earthquakes, Report No. EERC 75-28, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 

Seed, H.B., and Idriss, I.M. 1982. Ground motions and soU liquefaction during earthquakes. Monograph series. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, CA. 

Singh, R.D., Kim, J.H., and CaldweU, S.R. 1978. Properties of clays under cyclic loading. In Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering 1, University of Roorkee, India, 107-112. 

Togrol, E., and Guler, E. 1984. Effect of repeated loading on the strength of clay. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 3, No. 4, pp. 184-190. 

---