Federal test procedure

Fuel economy, typically expressed as distance driven per volume of fuel consumed, ie, ia km/L (mi/gal), is measured over two driving cycles specified by the Federal Test Procedure (63). Oae cycle simulates city driving and consists of relatively low speed (- 32 km/h) driving, and iacludes a portion where the car starts after having equiUbrated at ambient conditions for 16 hours. The second simulates highway driving conditions and iacludes higher speeds and... 

The federal test procedure for new vehicle certification IS limited to a maximum acceleration rate of 3.3 mph/sccond and a maximum speed of 57 mph (and even that speed is for a veiy short duration). Based upon extensive data collected in Baltimore, Spokane, and Atlanta, more than 8.5 percent of all speeds exceeded 57 mph, and more than 88 percent of trips contained acceleration activity exceeding 4 mph/sec-ond. In fact, more than one-third of the trips monitored included an acceleration rate at some point during the trip of more than 7 mpli/second. Similarly, more than 15 percent of the deceleration activity exceeded -3.5 mph/second. Hence, enrichment events are significant in real-world emissions inventories. 

To counter the elevated emissions associated with enrichment, the EPA has adopted supplemental federal test procedures. The new laboratory test procedures contain higher speeds, higher acceleration and deceleration rates, rapid speed changes, and a test that requires the air conditioning to be in operation. These tests increase the probability that vehicles will go into enrichment under laboratory test conditions. Hence, manufacturers have an incentive to reduce the frequency of enrichment occurrence in the real world. Future catalytic converters and emissions control systems will be resistant to the high-temperature conditions associated with engine load, and will be less likely to require enrichment for protection. Thus, enrichment contributions to emissions will continue to decline. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1996). Final Regulations for Revisions to the Federal Test Procedure for Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Federal Register. 61 54852-54906. 

Federal Reserve Act, 12 683 Federal Test Procedure (FTP), automotive emission, 10 33-35... 

The possibility of artifactual formation of nitro-PAHs during the sampling of diesel exhaust was addressed soon after their discovery in diesel particles (e.g., Lee et al., 1980 Lee and Schuetzle, 1983). Schuet-zle (1983) concluded that artifactual formation of nitro-PAHs is a minor problem (between 10 and 20% of the measured 1-nitropyrene) at short sampling times [e.g., 23 min, which is one federal test procedure (FTP) driving cycle], at low sampling temperatures (42°C), and in diluted exhaust containing NOz. 

FTP Federal Test Procedure a standard US drive cycle... 

Test Procedure. To comply with emission standards, representative vehicles must be mn for 80,000 km (Appendix IV of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP)) (3). The first 6,400 km are considered a break-in portion. Exhaust emissions are measured each 8,000 km between approximately 6,400 and 80,000 km of accumulation and a deterioration factor (DF) of emissions is calculated. A DF of 1.15 for HC indicates that HC emissions increased by 15% between 6,400 and 80,000 km, and were within the 80,000 km standard. This DF is applied to the 6,400 km emission test data points for all other model variations of the family of vehicles represented by the 80,000 km durability car. 

Figure 3. Spectrophone response to exhaust particulate jrom a 5.8-L Cougar PROCO and a 2.4-L Mercedes diesel (with a 55 mph cruise) run through a portion of the Federal Test procedure on a vehicle dynamometer. Dilution tube—300 CFM, 35°C modulation frequency—3985 Hz lazer—Ar (514.5 nm).

Figure 1 Speed/time trace for the U.S. federal test procedure (FTP). The American test cycle for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles from 1975 model year.

Legend FTP = 1975 Federal test procedure, urban commuter route simulation, 7.51 miles, 19.9 mph average speed HWFET = highway fuel economy test, two-lane highway simulation, 1054 miles, 49.9 mph average speed CFS = crowded... 

Name - US Federal Test Procedure MVEG-A 10.15 Mode... 

Federal Tier 1 emission standards apply to a vehicle life of 100,000 miles. NOj limits for diesel engines are less stringent than for gasoline. Emissions are measured over the Federal Test Procedure, FTP75, and are expressed in grams/mile. 

---