Task-specific hazards

D. Task-specific hazard analyses must lead to the development of written standard operating procedures (SOPs) that specify the controls necessary to safely perform each task. Detailed hazard analyses conducted for each site task and operation provide the basis for developing SOPs to protect employees from safety and health hazards. Written SOPs provide a mechanism for informing employees of procedures that ensure their safety and for enabling management to enforce hazard control procedures. 

The SSAHP developed by the Site G contractor did not indicate that the contractors routinely conducted job- or task-specific hazard analyses. In addition, the SSAHP did not specify that PPE selection for jobs and tasks must be based on the analysis of the health hazards associated with each job. Eurthermore, the SSAHP contained no procedures for objectively determining the effectiveness of decontamination of personnel or equipment. The decontamination program required incineration of all materials that could not be readily decontaminated such materials were placed in labeled disposal containers. The program, however, did... 

By implementing a JHA process throughout the organization, the leadership team and employees develop an in-depth understanding of task-specific hazards and associated risk. 

By being proactive and implementing, a JHA process throughout the organization, the leadership team, and employees can develop a better understanding of task-specific hazards and associated risk. Based on this belief, hazards and associated risk can only be tracked, identified, and controlled by using an ongoing proactive comprehensive JHA process. 

The HASP is the model for performing work safely and, if properly designed, will help to integrate all site- and task-related hazards and control measures. Wlien working with the DOE or the Corps of Engineers there may be additional documents that should be considered when developing a plan. Make sure that you understand all site-specific needs. 

The HASP focuses on the specific tasks down to the worksite level and identifies job- and task-based hazards, exposure-monitoring requirements, hazard controls and approaches, requirements necessary to protect workers, and, sometimes, the name of the person responsible for a certain activity. 

Each hazard is analyzed and documented as specifically as possible in this section. Specific job tasks and hazards associated with those tasks should also be included. If analytical information is available for site contaminants, it should be included. These typical hazards may also include physical, chemical, biological, and radiological, as discussed in the next sections. 

Requirements for written safety and health SOPs are found in paragraphs (b)(4)(I) of the HAZWOPER standard. None of the sites audited had developed comprehensive, site-specific SOPs that specify the controls necessary to complete each task. The contractor s SSAHP at Site B did discuss generic task-related hazards and SOPs however, the task-specific SOPs lacked detail. Eor example, the SOPs did not specifically identify the site locations where hazards were likely to occur, nor did they specify the appropriate types of controls. 

The contractor s SSAHP for Site C contained task- and operation-specific hazard analyses and safety and health procedures that covered general operations, but they were not specific enough for prescribing control methods and PPE for each job task. The plan identified some safety hazards for each operation but did not describe SOPs for protecting employees from these hazards. The SSAHP did, however, contain personnel and equipment decontamination procedures used at the site. 

Is PPE selected based on an evaluation of performance characteristics of the PPE relative to requirements and limitations of the site, task-specific conditions and duration, and hazards and potential hazards identified ... 

Is there a routine mechanism such as Joh Safety Analysis (JSA) in which tasks such as this are systematically reviewed for potential hazards JSA is a procedure that systematically identifies (1) job steps, (2) specific hazards associated with each job step, and (3) safe job procedures associated with each step to minimize accident potential. 

Based on the short overview of the known animal models relevant to autoimmune diseases, it is quite clear the task of hazard identification and risk assessment for potential drug-induced autoimmunity is presently very difficult. There is no single in vivo model that can be used routinely to evaluate new drugs for autoimmunity induction. Nevertheless, some of the models could possibly be applied to test therapeutics with specific properties (e.g., off-target immunoregulatory activity) and concerns (e.g., patient population) in order to gain additional perspective and understanding of their role in autoimmune responses. 

All recruitment and selection activities should begin with a job analysis. Job analysis allows the task requirements of a job to be precisely determined. Furthermore, job analysis allows the safety risks associated with a job to be determined, and also the identification of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to work, both safely, and at a satisfactory performance level. It is well established that the occupation or job a person is performing substantially influences accident vulnerability (Ford and Wiggins 2012). In other words, it is vital for safety, for the specific hazards and risks associated with a job to be identified, and conducting a job analysis is an approach which can be used to collect this information. Without the essential information which job analysis provides, it is impossible to provide job applicants with a realistic safety preview for the job (see Chap. 3, Sect. 3.7.2.1), and difiicult to know what competencies a new employee needs to bring to the job, and therefore what should be measured in a selection program. 

HCF procedure development maintains consistency by follow/ing the TA-V Nuclear Facilities Conduct of Operations Manual (SNL 1998a) and the SNL ES H Manual (SNL 1998b). These documents describe procedure format and content, including Purpose, Scope, Ownership, Responsibilities, Definitions and Acronyms, Hazard Identification, Equipment and Materials, Format, Review and Approval Authority, and Document Control. Use of this format complies with DOE Order 5480.19, Conduct of Operations, Chapter 16 (DOE 1990). TA-V Standard Operating Procedures are written for tasks specifically identified in the Technical Safely Requirements (TSR) or as required by other directives or the SNL ES H manual to address special hazards. TA-V document types and hierarchy is described in TA-V Nuclear Facilities Conduct of Operations Manual (SNL 1998a) Chapter 16. 

The job safety analysis (JSA) [also referred to as the job hazard analysis (JHA)], which is a more simplified form of task analysis, has been a longstanding tool for task and function analysis. JSA has been available and utilized in general industry for many years by the industrial safety community. However, many practitioners do not understand or are simply unfamiliar with the connection between the JSA and the system safety tasks of hazard identification and analysis. It has even been suggested by some in the profession that the JSA itself is a type of oversimplified system safety analysis and, if performed earlier in the job development phase, could be used as the basis of a preliminary hazard analysis for a specific task or set of tasks. However, because JSA is often (if improperly) used to analyze a function only after it has been implemented, much of the data is not factored into the system safety process. The primary purpose of the JSA is to uncover inherent or potential hazards that may be encountered in the work environment. This basic definition is not unlike that previously discussed regarding the various system safety analyses. The primary difference between the two is subtle but important and is found in the end-use purpose of the JSA. Once the job or task is completed, the JSA is usually used as an effective tool for training and orienting the new employee into the work environment. The JSA presents a verbal picture of a specific job. 

Identify some standards of practice in individual engineering fields for specific hazards and their controls. Talk to craftsmen to see what standards of practice they use in certain tasks to prevent injuries. 

By signing this form the employee is verifying that he or she has reviewed the job hazard analysis for the specific task that they are performing or about to perform and agree with the JHA as it relates to the job steps (task), the hazard associated with the task, and the recommended corrective measures. At this point, they can also bring up any questions coneerning the hazards of the job. You may ask, what have I gained from this action Think about it—you have now placed some ownership on the employee to help the employee understand the hazards of the job. 

The job hazard analysis is a very important and effective process to determine hazardous conditions, unsafe practices, and system weaknesses. In this process the supervisor and an employee work together to analyze the specific task. The employee is observed performing the task. Next, they break the task down into steps. At this point, they jointly assess each step to identify any conditions and practices that might cause an injury/illness. Next, they work together on means and methods to eliminate those hazards. They revise procedures to make the task less hazardous. The supervisor, safety director, or safety committee should then take the process to its completion by uncovering the systems weaknesses related to the hazards found during the JHA. 

Where the use of work equipment involves specific hazards, its use must be restricted to those persons given the specific task of using it and repairs etc must be restricted to designated persons. 

All work equipment must be kept well maintained (reg. 6) and in the case of machines a maintenance log must be kept. This could form the basis for a system of planned maintenance, covering routine maintenance such as lubrication and cleaning as well as examinations and overhauls, thus ensuring that machines are maintained before they fail or become dangerous. Where the operation, servicing or maintenance of any work equipment involves specific hazards (reg. 7) the employer must ensure that the work is carried out safely and that only properly trained and competent operators are allowed to carry out the particular tasks. 

The next step is to assess what people are doing now on the job. What are the specifics of the job that are hazardous What specific tasks are hazardous What have employees done in the past in this kind of situation At this stage, you are gathering the raw material that will be incorporated into training plans and course materials. 

The personal protective equipment (PPE) that is needed will depend on the specific hazards. Every situation is unique. For example, if a forklift operator must drive into noisy areas hearing protection may be needed. The same applies to safety glasses, gloves, and other PPE. An employer will need to conduct a hazard assessment to determine what specific PPE is needed for specific tasks/areas. 

As discussed in role and responsibilities, it is important to proactively assess all jobs, their steps, and tasks to identify the specific hazards that may be built into the job and the severity of associated risk. If this assessment is performed as a team effort with involvement at all levels of the organization, it will begin to promote hazard awareness to both the leadership team and employees (Building an Effective Health and Safety Management System, 1989). 

JHA is a technique that can help an organization focus on specific tasks as a way to identift hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the employee, the task, specific tools, material, and equipment, and the work environment. Ideally, after uncontrolled hazards are identified, steps can be taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of hazards to an acceptable level. 

Ensuring that job hazard analyses (JHAs) are conducted periodically for all jobs, with emphasis on specific tasks so hazards can be identified and minimized or controlled. 

Job Hazard Analysis - aka Job Safety Analysis, Task Analysis Provides task-specific safety information regarding hazards present and preventive measures for avoiding potential incidents. 

Derived from task analysis or work study, job safety analysis, whether effected as part of work study or not, can do much to eliminate the hazards of a job. The analysis identifies every single operation in a job, examines the specific hazards and indicates remedial measures necessary. It involves the examination of a number of areas, including permit to work systems, influences on behaviour, the operator training required and the degree of supervision and control necessary. Job safety analysis can feature as part of a workplace risk assessment. 

Hazard recognition will assist in identifying perceived, existing, and potential hazards and what will happen if exposure occurs (Roughton Crutchfield, 2008). The JHA should be designed to answer certain questions that provide insights into specific job tasks and hazards associated with the job. 

Identification of potential task specific safety and/or health hazards, and establishment of safe and/or healthful task procedures. 

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