System of work

There is a need for interaction and assessment of different activities or processes to overcome any shortcomings by improving or readjusting the system of working, operation or controls, to achieve a better work culture and an understanding and respect for all in the system. When followed, this will result in the following ... 

SALE SYSTEM OF WORK A foiTual pt ocedufe resulting from systematic examination of a task to identify all the hazards. Defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated or risks controlled. 

Use of plant, processes and systems of work which minimize the generation of, or suppress and contain, spills, leaks, dust, fumes and vapours. 

Plant or processes or systems of work which minimize generation of, or suppress or contain, the hazardous dust, fume, biological agent etc. and limit the area of contamination in the event of spills and leaks. 

Heterogeneous eatalysts are often loeated at the top of a reaetor and manipulated with temporary handling equipment. To avoid exposure to toxie dust, loeal ventilation should be installed if this is impraetieable, serupulous use of personal proteetive equipment and rigid eomplianee with systems-of-work are essential. Respiratory equipment may inelude self-eontained or line-fed breathing apparatus. 

Measures to control welding fume include process modifications, engineering controls, system of work and administrative acdon as summarized in Figure 5.5. 

Safe systems of work to control plant modifications etc... 

Control exposures by engineering techniques, e.g. containment, shielding, ventilation (consider need for in-duct filters to remove contamination prior to exhausting to atmosphere), backed up by systems of work and personal protection including approved respirators where necessary. 

Company management systems and safe systems of work . 

A basie safety audit eovering design and system of work features to be eovered for the loading/ unloading of non-pressurized hazardous liquids to/from tankers of tank eontainers is given in Table 15.18. 

Requirements for work m confined spaces, including avoidance of entry if reasonably practicable, provision of a safe system of work and establishment of adequate emergency aiTangements. 

The chapter on Radioactive chemicals (Chapter 11) has been updated. Considerations of safety in design (Chapter 12) are presented separately from systems of work requirements, i.e. Operating procedures (Chapter 13). Tlie considerations for Marketing and transportation of hazardous chemicals are now addressed in two separate chapters (Chapters 14 and 15). Chemicals and the Environment are now also covered in two chapters (Chapters 16 and 17) to reflect the requirement that the impact of chemicals on the environment should be properly assessed, monitored and controlled. Although a substantial contribution to atmospheric pollution is made by emissions from road vehicles and other means of transport, and this is now strictly legislated for, this topic is outside the scope of this text. Chapter 18 provides useful conversion factors to help with the myriad of units used internationally. 

Mr. Randall (factory inspector) said he was surprised at the system of work, as he knew the company s safety documents were very impressive. Unfortunately they were not acted upon. 

In the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) and regulations made under it require occupiers to provide a safe plant and system of work and adequate instruction, training, and supervision. In the European community, occupiers of major hazard sites are required to produce a safety case, which describes how hazards have been assessed and are kept under control. Many other countries have similar legislation, though standards of enforcement vary. 

In the shorter case studies, only the immediate causes of the errors are described. However, the more extended examples in the latter part of the appendix illustrate two important points about accident causation. First, the precondihons for errors are often created by incorrect policies in areas such as training, procedures, systems of work, communications, or design. These "root causes" underlie many of the direct causes of errors which are described in this section. Second, the more comprehensive examples illustrate the fact that incidents almost always involve more than one cause. These issues will... 

Are there safe systems of work implemented during the operation and maintenance of the plant and equipment (This may necessitate a permit to work to be issued by an authorized competent person.)... 

To ensure that an operation is under control may necessitate atmospheric monitoring this is summarized in Chapter 9. General safety considerations, administration and systems of work requirements, including elementary first aid, are summarized in Chapter 11. For example, the recommended strategy is to include provision for appropriate first aid procedures within the system of work before specific chemicals are brought into use to so order work practices that the risk of exposure is minimized and in the event of an accident involving any but the most trivial injuries — with no foreseeable likelihood of complications or deterioration — to seek immediate medical assistance. 

Safe handling of chemicals demands a combination of hardware and software such as operating procedures, staff selection and training. Systems of work will generally include ... 

Maintenance embraces regular inspection, periodic examination by competent persons , and repairs. All maintenance on equipment used with chemicals should be properly planned and recorded. Maintenance operations, particularly those which are non-routine, require a sound system of work with strict administrative procedures, e.g. permit-to-work, to avoid risks arising from modifications to established safe practices. A permit-to-work should be used wherever the method by which a job is done is likely to be critical to the safety of the workers involved, nearby workers, or the public it is required whenever the safeguards provided in normal operations are no longer available. Examples include ... 

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