Remedial measures

This type of contract requires the operator to pay a fixed amount to the contractor upon completion of the well, while the contractor furnishes all the material and labour and handles the drilling operations independently. The difficulty with this approach Is to ensure that a quality well Is delivered to the company since the drilling contractor will want to drill as quickly and cheaply as possible. The contractor therefore should guarantee an agreed measurable quality standard for each well. The guarantee should specify remedial actions which will be implemented should a substandard well be delivered. 

Preventive Measures. The intake uptake biokinetic model (lUBK) projects the impact of lead in the environment on blood lead. This model assumes conservatively high levels of intake and cannot account for chemical speciation, thus over-predictions of blood lead levels often occur. Nonetheless, because of the allegations of the impact of blood lead and neurobehavioral development, blood lead levels in children are being reduced adrninistratively to below 10 //g/dL. In order to do so, soil leads are being reduced to a level of between 500—1000 ppm where remediation is required. 

Before any remedial or preventive actions are implemented, an evaluation should be conducted as to appHcabiUty to the specific plant. The evaluation should continue while the actions are in progress. The main action should be to take measures to reduce the ingress of contaminants into the steam generator by using more rehable materials, such as in the condenser tubes, to reduce leakage. Contaminant control equipment, such as full-flow condensate deminerali2ers, should also be employed. 

Endurance Burn Under certain cou(itious, a successfully arrested flame may stabilize on the unprotected side of an arrester element. Should this condition not be corrected, the flame will eventually penetrate the arrester as the channels become hot. An endurance burn time can be determined by testing, which specifies that the arrester has withstood a stabilized flame without penetration for a given period. The test should address either the actual or worst-case geometry, since heat transfer to the element will depend on whether the flame stabilizes on the top, bottom, or horizontal face. In general, the endurance burn time identified by test should not be regarded as an accurate measure of the time available to take remedial action, since test conditions will not necessarily approximate the worst possible practical case. Temperature sensors may be incorporated at the arrester to indicate a stabilized flame condition and either alarm or initiate appropriate action, such as valve closure. 

The vertices are connected with hues indicating information flow. Measurements from the plant flow to plant data, where raw measurements are converted to typical engineering units. The plant data information flows via reconciliation, rec tification, and interpretation to the plant model. The results of the model (i.e., troubleshooting, model building, or parameter estimation) are then used to improve plant operation through remedial action, control, and design. 

Remedial measures include reduction or elimination of chlorides or replacement of the 304 stainless steel with a metal that is resistant to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. 

Apply heat treatment. Applying heat treatment is a remedial rather than a preventive measure. Sensitized metal may be reheated to tern-... 

The basic mechanisms involved in graphitic corrosion are familiar and easily understood. Hence, remedial and preventive measures are relatively simple to implement. Although commonly categorized as a form of dealloying, graphitic corrosion has much in common with galvanic corrosion. 

Two approaches exist to gain control of this factor altering the environment and isolating the metal from the environment. These are remedial measures and can be implemented during or after installation of the equipment. 

The assessor should also find out whether an effective testing program is in place to help ensure the serviceability of process measurement equipment. The successful toller should have an established calibration program to address the accuracy of critical measurement equipment. Safety critical process parameters should be monitored and critical process equipment should automatically interlock when monitoring instrumentation detects safety critical deviations. Interlocks should either facilitate a remedy to the critical deviation or bring the process to the zero energy state. These instruments and interlocking devices should be routinely tested to ensure operational reliability. 

Another remedial measure is the use of blocking circuits by providing a high-impedance path in the ground circuit when a phase-to-ground circuit is used for the com-munication network, to block the entry of the third harmonic quantities into the system from other systems. 

Installation of bearings and pulleys Important checks at the time of commissioning Maintenance of electric motors and their checks Maintenance of bearings General problems in electric motors and their remedy Winding temperature measurement at site Analysis of insulation failures of an HT motor at a thermal power station... 

On inspection, the built-in measurements and the counter readings should be read off and recorded. Any breakdown should be reported to the authorized headquarters of the cathodic protection organization. Table 8-1 illustrates a form for use in the supervision of cathodic protection stations. Causes of trouble and remedial measures are given in Table 8-2. 

After adjustment, the tank and pipe/soil potentials have to be checked annually and recorded. The results of the measurements are the basis of the maintenance process. If the check measurements differ from the values established by the control, the cause must be determined and the defect remedied. 

Cathodic protection with impressed current, aluminum or magnesium anodes does not lead to any promotion of germs in the water. There is also no multiplication of bacteria and fungi in the anode slime [32,33]. Unhygienic contamination of the water only arises if anaerobic conditions develop in the slurry deposits, giving rise to bacterial reduction of sulfate. If this is the case, HjS can be detected by smell in amounts which cannot be detected analytically or by taste. Remedial measures are dealt with in Section 20.4.2. 

Other recommended remedial measures include raising the gas inlet temperature and/or lowering the gas inlet pressure. These measures would increase the volume flow of gas and then reduce the possibility of catalyst buildup in the expanders. 

Detailed All <0.25 X OEL <1.25 X OEL Arithmetic mean <0.5 xOEL Mean >0.5 x OEL (or with individual results scattered above the limit) None if exposure is as low as reasonably practical. Investigate, take remedial action and repeat survey. Consider routine monitoring and the appropriate frequency. Investigate, assess control measures, improve where possible, repeat survey and consider routine monitoring. 

Can the plant pressure or the inventory of process materials, or both, be reduced effectively and safely in a major emergency Are the operating parameter limits which require remedial action, known and measured, e.g. temperature, pressure, flow, concentration ... 

The technical differences between site problems at RCRA facilities and CERCLA sites sometimes may be difficult to distinguish, owing to similarities in present or past uses of the site, in hydrogeologic setting, and/or in the types of substances disposed, spilled, or otherwise managed at the site. Consequently, many technical aspects of the study and remediation of releases of hazardous wastes and constituents from RCRA facilities often will closely parallel those at Superfund sites, and cleanups under both statutes must achieve similar goals for protection of public health and the environment. Additionally, activities which would be termed removal actions or expedited response actions under CERCLA may be undertaken by owners and operators under RCRA. In the RCRA context, such actions are termed interim measures, as will be discussed in subsequent chapters. 

In addition to regulatory requirements, the practical matters associated with maintaining product and personnel flow to and from operating facilities must be addressed. For example, it may be difficult to remove a rail spur for remediation of a contaminated bed, if the only means to deliver a feedstock into the facility or ship a product from the facility is this rail line. In-situ flushing or some other form of non-invasive treatment would be required to address such a problem. Similarly, jjersonnel access may have to be addressed in the planning for a corrective measures program. This is especially true in older or... 

Six of the eleven sites evaluated (Sites A, B, F, G, I, and K) identified generie remediation hazards in their SSAHPs but did not address the hazards assoeiated with site- and operation-speeifie tasks. For example, the SSAHP for Site B broadly deseribed hazards sueh as the potential for inhalation, ingestion, eontaet, and absorption of eontaminants or heavy equipment and general eonstruetion hazards. The plan did not deseribe speeifie hazards (i.e., levels of speeifie ehemieal eontaminants, the hazards related to the use of speeifie types of equipment) assoeiated with speeifie workplaee aetivities and their related eontrol measures. These general analyses do not provide employees with suflheient information to enable them to work safely, nor do they enable the employer... 

When the results of the assessment reveal a risk to the safety and health of workers, with exposure values clearly above the OEL for the chemical agent, or if the probability of exceeding the limit value is high, specific protection, preventive, and monitoring measures must be applied as soon as possible to remedy the situation. The reasons for the limit value being exceeded must be... 

In a cost-benefit analysis (CBA), the cost of a remedial measure is weighed against the environmental benefits it creates. Is it worth investing in a new scrubber for a plant if the impacts on its surroundings decrease by 10%. ... 

Environmental impact assessment (ElA) is normally used to evaluate the possible environmental constraints for an industrial plant or project. In some cases it is u.sed as part of a permit process for an industrial plant, road, or other project. The owner has to show that no major environmental impacts are caused by the plant or road, or if there are such impacts, to take remedial measures necessary to decrease and monitor the impacts or relevant indicators. 

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