Syrians

Benzyl chloride also induced in vitro cellular transformation in Syrian hamster embryo cultures and DNA alkylation in several organs of the male mouse following iv adrninistration. In summary, lARC states there is limited evidence that benzyl chloride is carcinogenic in experimental animals epidemiological data was inadequate to evaluate carcinogenicity to humans (67). 

In Ancient Egypt mummies were wrapped in cloth dipped in a solution of bitumen in oil of lavender which was known variously as Syrian Asphalt or Bitumen of Judea. On exposure to light the product hardened and became insoluble. It would appear that this process involved the action of chemical cross-linking, which in modem times became of great importance in the vulcanisation of rubber and the production of thermosetting plastics. It was also the study of this process that led Niepce to produce the first permanent photograph and to the development of lithography (see Chapter 14). 

Synthese, /. synthesis, synthesieren, v.t. synthesize, synthetisch, a. synthetic, synthetisieren, v.t. synthetize, synthesize. Syringasaure, /. syringic acid, syrisch, a. Syrian, syrup-. Syrup-, see sirup-. Sirup-. 

Dzwonkowska A, Hubner H. 1986. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in the Syrian hamster by insecticides tested in vivo. Arch Toxicol 58 152-156. 

Syrian hamster embryo cells (clonal assay) Cell transformation No data — Amacher and Zelljadt 1983... 

Amacher DE, Zelljadt I. 1983. The morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by chemicals reportedly nonmutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium. Carcinogenesis 4 291-295. 

There have been a number of reports demonstrating that 3-hydroxy and 3 ketonltrosamlnes are common metabolites from dlalkyl and heterocyclic nltrosamlnes. Examples Include the 3-hydroxy and 3-keto derivatives of dlpropylnltrosamlne (all potent pancreatic carcinogens In Syrian golden hampsters) and the... 

NDMMOR Syrian golden hamster 100 N.R. N.R. N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl-2-oxopropyl)amine (2, 24) N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxy-propyl )amine (2, 24) 68... 

NPYR Syrian golden hamster Liver microsomes enhanced a-hydroxylation and mutagenicity in ethanol-consuming hamsters 10... 

These studies on NPYR are typical of the state of the art in cyclic nitrosamine metabolism ai d activation. The major metabolic pathways have been rather well characterized, but data on the relationship of these pathways to carcinogenesis are limited. This is especially true of the organospecific effects of NPYR and the other cyclic nitrosamines. For example, the main target organs for NPYR in the Syrian golden hamster are the trachea and nasal cavity rather than the liver. This is in spite... 

NPIP induces esophageal and nasal cavity tumors in the rat, forestomach, liver and lung tumors in the mouse, and tracheal tumors in the Syrian golden hamster (43, 44, 45). Its potent carcinogenicity is indicated by the fact that a single dose of only 22 mg/kg was sufficient to induce tumors in 20% of Syrian golden hamsters (45). The environmental occurrence of NPIP appears to be less frequent than that of NPYR, but it has been detected in food (J, 44). 

NHEX is a potent carcinogen which induces tumors of the liver and esophagus in rats, and tumors of the trachea in Syrian golden hamsters (50, 51). It has not been detected in the environment. ... 

NMOR is a potent hepatocarcinogen in the rat and induces tracheal and nasal cavity tumors in the Syrian golden hamster (43, 44, 45). It is formed readily from nitrite and morpholine in vitro and administration of these precursors to rodents causes tumors indicative of NMOR formation in vivo (44, 55, 56), NMOR has been detected in crankcase emissions of diesel engines and in factories engaged in rubber and tire manufacturing (57, 58). 

Including In Syrian hamsters the pancreas, which has not been susceptible In rats to nitrosamlne carcinogenesis. 

This then confiras the fact that NDELA penetrates the skin to act as an organ specific carcinogen as was also evident from the studies by Lijinsky jd on rats (25), from the reports by Edwards a on cosmetics in man (18) and from studies with Syrian golden hamsters in our laboratory (24). 

Roy, D, Floyd, R.A. and Liehr, J.G. (1991). Elevated 8-hydroxy-deoxy anosine levels in DNA of diethylstilbcstrol-treated Syrian hamsters covalent DNA damage by free radicals generated by redox cycling of diethyl-stilbestrol. Cancer Res. 51, 3882-3885. 

Fischer R. and Brown P. (1993). Vaginal secretions increase the likelihood of inter-male aggression in Syrian hamsters. Physiol Behav 54, 213-214. 

Kollack-Walker S. and Newman S.W. (1997). Mating-induced expression of c-fos in the male Syrian hamster brain role of experience, pheromones, and ejaculations. Neurobiol J 32, 481-501. 

Wood R.I. (1998). Integration of chemosensory and hormonal input in the male Syrian hamster brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 855, 362-372. 

Hayashi, N. Hasegawa, K. Barrett, J. C. Tsutsui, T. Estrogen-induced cell transformation and DNA adduct formation in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells. Mol. Carcinog. 1996, 16, 149-156. 

Mewhinney JA, Hobbs CH, Mo T. 1976b. Toxicity of inhaled polydisperse or monodisperse aerosols of 241Am02 in Syrian hamsters III. In Boecker BB, Jones RK, Barnett NJ, eds. Inhalation toxicology research institute annual report Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute. 

Seidel A. 1977. The deposition of241 Am and 252Cf in the skeleton of Chinese hamster, Syrian hamster and the rat. Health Phys 33 83-86. 

Seidel A, Wiener M, Kruger E, et al. 1986. Studies on the lysosomal binding of 141Ce, 239Np, 239Pu and 241 Am in rat and Syrian hamster liver using carrier-free electrophoresis. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B13(5) 515-518. 

Needham, Joseph. "Contributions of China, India, and the Hellenistic-Syrian world to Arabic alchemy." In Prismata... Festschrift fur Willy Hartner, eds. Y. Maeyama and W.G. Saltzer, 247-267. Wiesbaden Steiner, 1977. 

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