Surfactant applications Household products

Cationic surfactants fall into several categories depending on the nature of their cationic polar heads. Some of them have functional groups susceptible to protonation e.g. amines) and thus display cationic properties particularly in acidic media, while others, such as quaternary ammonium salts, exhibit a permanent positive charge. In household products, cationic surfactants are primarily applied in fabric softeners and hair preparations. Other applications of cationic surfactants include disinfectants and biocides, emulsifiers, wetting agents and processing additives. By volume, the most important cationic surfactants in household products are the alkyl ester ammonium salts that... 

APPLICATION OF SULPHONATES AS ANIONIC SURFACTANTS IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS... 

Uses of quaternary ammonium compounds are many, ranging from surfactants in household products and many diverse industrial applications to germicides. Very comprehensive overviews were given by Dery in 1996 [12] and Steichen in 2001 [45]. 

Due to their favorable solubility, alkanesulfonates are preferred as surfactants in liquid products and concentrates. The recent trend to renewable resources has led to a somewhat reduced use in formulations of household detergents in past years. While some manufacturers have withdrawn these surfactants from, for example, manual dishwashing detergents, others did not. Besides many other industrial applications, alkanesulfonates are one of the most important emulsifiers in vinyl polymerization. 

Anhydrosorbitol tristearate EINEGS 247-891-4 Radia-muls Sorb 2345 Sorbitan, esters, trioctadecanoate Sorbitan, trioctadecanoate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitani tristearas Span 65 Triestearato de sorbitano Tristearate de sorbitan sorbitan trioctadecanoate. Nonionic surfactant emulsifier for foods, cosmetics, household products, industrial applications. Fina Chemicals Henkel/Emery ICI Spec. Lonzagroup. 

One of the major uses of surfactant that the average person encounters in everyday life is in household products, particularly laundry detergent. This chapter will briefly summarize various ingredients and forms of detergents. The primary focus of this chapter will be on the application of various detergent formulations and product forms to specific laundering situations. 

Surfactants are consumed in various industrial applications directly or indirectly connected to our daily lives. Market shares of surfactants in the United States in 1997 are shown in Figure 1. Consumption of household cleansing products, personal care products, and industrial and institutional (I I) cleansing products exceeds more than 60% of the 5.14 billion pounds of surfactants produced in the United States in 1997 [1]. In Japan, I I consumption exceeds over 50% of total production [2]. Anionic surfactants are the most common type utilized for every application because of their highly effective detergency and relatively lower cost. Thus anionic surfactants dominate household cleaning products. 

Falbe J.(editor) (1986) "Surfactants in consumer products. Theoiy, technology and applications". Springer Verlag-Berlin. Section 5.1.3, "Formulations of household detergents". 

Applications. Amphoterics of this class are mainly used in personal care products. Polycarboxylates deliver reduced eye irritation and provide hair conditioning benefits zwitterionic forms are substantive on the hairs. In household products, they are especially suitable in built liquids with high electrol)de contents (i.e., containing the so-called builders )- These surfactants are also used as foaming agents in fire-fighting foam production appliances. 

Applications. Applications of ethoxylated alcohols are munerous in industrial as well as in household products. They are generally excellent detergents and often present beneficial associations with ionic surfactants this fact is ascribed to its opposite sensitivities to temperature, which exert on each other a kind of compensatory effect, thereby permitting an optimum performance within the usage temperature range. 

SMEs and sulfonated fatty acids are commercially available as blends for use in household and personal cleaning products. As cleaning and personal-care formulations become more concentrated and milder, alpha-sulfo fatty derivatives will become even more attractive. Also since methyl esters are an abundant feedstock, their conversion to SMEs for use as bulk anionics is likely to grow. As quoted by Ed A. Knaggs, a former Stepan employee As already stated, alpha sulfo fatty derivatives have exceptional and unique properties which can be varied and tailored to meet an extremely wide variety of surfactant applications Hence, their acceptance is basically limited only by research,... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NH4 and Cl Uses Surfactant, fabric antistat, conditioner for household products, industrial applications, textile processing, hair care products antistatic coatings for cellulose acetate, polyacetals, polyethylene, polypropylene surfactanL antistat in cosmetics... 

Alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) surfactants make up approximately 10% of overall consumption. While effective in many industrial applications, they face a number of environmental challenges that could greatly reduce their use in the future. Of major importance are questions concerning their relatively slow rate of biodegradation and the possible toxicity of degradation intermediates, especially phenols and other aromatic species. In the United States and western Europe, many detergent manufacturers have voluntarily discontinued their use in household products. 

Surfactants are widely used in everyday personal care and household products as well as in a variety of industrial applications. As a result, large amounts of surfactants are commonly discharged in large quantities to sewage treatment plants or directly to the aquatic environment in areas where there is no sewage treatment. The toxicity and persistence of surfactants is now fairly predictable for a variety of environmental situations and several reviews are available. Under aerobic conditions many surfactants are readily biodegraded, while anaerobic... 

Known since the 1940s as commercial products, alkanesulfonates have attracted much interest and are valued as anionic surfactants, both for household and industrial uses. Because of the strong carbon-sulfur bond, alkanesulfonates are appropriate surfactants for applications in acidic and alkaline media. 

Large amounts of water and oil can be admixed in microemulsions which find wide application in household and pharmaceutical products and have potential for enhanced oil recovery (Mackay, 1981 Bellocq et al., 1984). Microemulsions have been reported to form in the absence of surfactant over a very limited range of concentration, but there is a question as to the nature of these dispersions (Barden and Holt, 1979). 

In general, the change in surfactant consumption is directly coupled to the usage in detergent products, which makes up about 55% of the entire production. Cleaning applications cover a multitude of fields comprising household detergents, consumer products, personal care... 

These types of surfactants have the largest share of world-wide total production [14] and the highest application rates in household, trade and industrial processes. As these compounds were handled mainly in aqueous systems, they were consequently discharged with the waste-water. After a more or less efficient wastewater treatment (WWT) process, which results in an elimination, i.e. degradation by wastewater biocoenosis and/or adsorption of the surfactants to the sludge, these polar compounds and their metabolites either reach the environment by wastewater discharges or are adsorbed to wastewater sludge,... 

Surfactants are used in a variety of applications, frequently in the form of dilute aqueous solutions. However, it is not cost effective to transport, store, and display in retail outlets surfactant products such as household detergents in this form. Accordingly, it is important to have products that dissolve quickly and to understand what aspects of surfactant composition and structure promote rapid dissolution. The dissolution process is more complex for surfactants than for most other materials because it typically involves formation of one or more concentrated and highly viscous liquid crystalline phases, which are not present initially and which could potentially hinder dissolution. In this article the rates and mechanisms of surfactant dissolution are reviewed and discussed. 

Household and personal products dominate surfactant technology literature. Sales volume per product in these categories is latge enough to justify research and investment in large manufacturing facilities. Industrial applications represent smaller sales volumes per product. Research and especially technical service is often conducted by the user or by a service company that supplies a variety of items to the consuming industry. 

Sulfonation and sulfation processes are utilized in the production of wateT-soluble anionic surfactants as principal ingredients in formulated light-duty and heavy-duty detergents, liquid hand cleansers, general household and personal care products, and dental care products. Other commercially significant product applications include emulsifiers, lube additives, sweeteners, pesticides, medicinals. ion-exchange resins, dyes and pigments. 

There is a range of uses in industrial and institutional cleaners, which, in many cases, mirror those in household applications. While maintenance activities are important, surfactants find use in many industries in cleaning the equipment or products which are made. Electronics, food and metal product manufacturing are some examples of this kind of application. Restaurants, hospitals, hotels, as well as factories and offices regularly employ surfactants to maintain the health and safety of people utilising these facilities. A distinct industry has evolved to supply products in these applications where leaders include Ecolab and Johnson-Diversey but many, many more producers are also involved. Surfactant producers supply these companies with bulk surfactants and blends which are compounded into products for discrete applications. 

This class of surfactants has possibly the widest range of use of any anionic surfactant. It is found in almost every product where foaming is desirable, in industrial, household and personal care applications. Alkyl ether sulphates are described in terms of their parent alcohol and the degree of ethoxylation. Thus, sodium laureth-2 is the sodium salt of a sulphated (predominantly) C12 alcohol, with an average of 2 mol of ethylene oxide added. Often, the alcohol is assumed to be the typical C12-14 and the surfactant simply called a 2-or 3-mol ether sulphate. 

Surfactants are used primarily as inert ingredients of pesticides, especially in agricultural applications. These surfactants usually have TSCA as well as inert pesticidal regulatory status in the US. Some surfactants are active components in pesticides. For example, the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride and didecyl ammonium chloride and their various derivatives are registered as active ingredients in disinfectant products with many household and industrial applications. 

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